Chronology
Delatyn, Galicia

Facts about Delatyn

Fact Source
Latitude/Longitude: 48°32´ N 24°38´ 7, 17
Altitude: 453 meters above sealevel. 13
101 km West of Chernovtsy. 7
Population was Hasidic : Sadgora and Vizhnitsa. 4

Facts about Dora

Fact Source
Latitude/Longitude: 48°28´ N 24°35´ 7, 17
101 km West of Chernovtsy. 7
5.1 miles South of Delatyn 17

Facts about Lanchin

Fact Source
Latitude/Longitude: 48°33´ N 24°45´ 7, 17
88 km WNW of Chernovtsy. 7
5.5 miles ENE of Delatyn 17

Delatyn Jewish Community Chronology

Events in the chronology which are specific to Lanchin and/or Dora will explicitly mention them by name.


Date Event Source
1241 Tatar Mongols travel thru Jablonica Pass (a.k.a Delatyn, Yablonitsa, or Tatar Pass) in their invasion & conquest of Hungary. 26
1400s Date of oldest tombstones in Jewish Cemetary. 4
1765 87 Jews living in Delatyn. 9
 
Start of Austro-Hungarian Period
  
1772 1st Partition of Poland. Galicia becomes part of Austria-Hungary.  
1773 Jewish marriage requires permission of government & payment of fee. Major decline in civil marriages. 22
1776 Delatyn is 1 of 6 almost entirely Jewish East Galician towns. 3
28 Aug 1787 Hereditary surnames required as of 1 Jan 1788. Jews may not use the name of their tribe or locality.2 22
1788 Jewish military conscription introduced. 22
1789 Jewish marriage requirements relaxed. 22
1802/3 (5562) R' Tzvi-Hirsch Grosman son of R' Moshe of Rohatyn is Chief Rabbi. (Av bet din & Admor). 9, 16
1834 (5593) R' Tzvi-Hirsch Grosman dies. R' Avraham bar Tzvi Bloch becomes Chief Rabbi (Av bet din). 16
1841 (1 Sivan)
 R' Avraham bar Tzvi Bloch dies.
 16
23 Apr 1848 Emperor Ferdinand abolishes the corvee, the last vestige of serfdom. 14
1861/2 (5621) R' Yaacov-Yankel bar Meshullam Yissachar Horowitz is Chief Rabbi (maternal grandfather of R' Israel Spira of Bluzhov). 9, 16
1861 Karl-Ludwig-Bahn from Kakrow to Lviv opens. 1st major railway in Galicia. 23
1866 Lviv-Khodorow-Halych-Stanislau-Kolomea-Zablatow-Chernovitz rail line expansion opens. A more mobile population could avoid shtetl markets, a major source of Jewish income. 23
Dec 1867 Austria-Hungary emancipates ethnic groups. Jews not a distinct national group under Article 19, Statute 142. 5
1877 R' Naftali Hertz bar Moshe Teomim  is Chief Rabbi. 9
1880 1577 Jews out of a total population of 4495 9
1880 2947 wage earners in Lanchin 9
1890 2096 Jews out of a total population of 5195 9
1890s Lanchin Jewish population grows, synagogue built 9
1 Sep 1893 128 die of cholera. Epidemic rapidly spreading, businesses close, wealthy flee the town. 28
1895 (5655) R' Naftali bar Tzvi Hirsch Ehrlich is Chief Rabbi. 6, 9. 16
1900 2397 Jews out of a total population of 6018 9
1902 Chief Rabbi Ozriel HaLevi Landau emigrates to Israel. 9
1904 (5664) R' Menahem Mendel bar Uri Yisroel Aug is Chief Rabbi. 6, 9, 16
1907 Local branch of Poalei Tzion (Workers of Zion : Socialist Zionist organization) formed. 9
1908 Local branch of Mizrachi (Religious Zionist organization) formed. 9
1910 2997 Jews out of a total population of 7852 9
1912 R' Schulem Rubinstein is the Rabbi in Lanchin. 6
 
World War I
  
1914 R. Yaakov-Yankel bar Meshullam-Issachar Horowitz is Chief Rabbi. 9
1915 (5675) R' Yaacov-Yankel Horowitz dies. 16
Sep 1914 - Jun 1915 Russian and Austro-Hungarian armies battle in area of Delatyn & Nadworna. Front lines cross through both shtetls repeatedly. Details available in the WWI chronology . 21
Oct 1914 - Feb 1917
 Jablonica Pass was the scene of heavy fighting between the Austrian & Russian Armies.
26
8 Jul 1916 Brusilov offensive. Russian troops reach Delatyn. 1
 
Between the Wars
  
Oct 1918 Austro-Hungarian Empire collapses.  
13 Nov 1918 Western Ukrainian National Republic (ZUNR) proclaimed. 14
Nov 1918-12 Jul 1919 Eastern Galicia disputed between Poland & ZUNR. 10, 14
25 Jun 1919 Entente acknowledges Poland occupy Eastern Galicia. 14
28 Jun 1919 Treaty of Versailles. 10
12 Jul 1919 ZUNR collapses. Eastern Galicia occupied by Polish Army. 10
Feb 1919 - 12 Oct 1920 Polish-Soviet War. 10
1921 1576 Jews out of a total population of 5973 in Delatyn. 
 383 Jews out of a total population of 4152 in Lanchin.		 9
1923 Eastern Galicia awarded to Poland by League of Nations. 10
1928 Dora total population : 1726. 13
1930s Stanislawow's Jewish Gymnasia Parent's Association runs a summer camp in Dora. 15
1933 13 Jewish lawyers in Delatyn. 9
1930s Zionist organization established in Lanchin. Send reprsentative to 1933 Zionist Congress. 9
1937 Approximately 529 Jewish families in Delatyn. 9
1939 As of last census: 1576 Jews living in Delatyn, 87 in Dora. 7
 
World War II
  
Sep 1939 Occupied by the USSR.  
23 Oct 1939 Election with a single slate of candidates held in West Ukraine. 93% of population votes for annexation to the USSR. 18
1940 Date of newest tombstone in Jewish Cemetery. 4
Spring 1940 Soviets begin widespread deportations from West Ukraine to Siberia & Kazakhstan of Ukrainians, Polish, & Jewish leaders. 18
22 Jun 1941 Germans attack USSR. Delatyn bombed.
 2
22-29 Jun 1941 NKVD slaughter political prisoners across West Ukraine prior to retreat. Major massacres occur in Lviv, Sambir, & Stanislawow. 18
23 Jun 1941 Germans arrive in Delatyn on motorcycles. 2
1 Jul 1941 Germans occupy Delatyn. 9
6 Oct 1941 In Nadworna (7.5 mi. NNW), 1/2 the Jews (over 2,000), murdered at Bukowinka (3 km from Nadworna). 12
16 Oct 1941 Ernst Varchmin, Director of the Border Police Post in Tatarow, directs the 3rd company of Police Battalion 133 under Co. Cmdr. Rehbein who collect and murder the Jews of Delatyn and Jaremcze in Wilchowets forest (approx. 1,950). Buried in 3 mass graves. 2, 9, 
18,19
Summer 1942 End of Lanchin Jewish community. The details of their fate are unknown. 9
6 Sep 1942 Polish paper, Wiesci Polskie , of Budapest reports that the Prut R. valley from Delatyn to Worochta was Judenrein. 8
Early 1943 Last Jews sent to Stanislawow where they perished. 9
Jul 1943 Partisan group under Soviet General Kolpak was surrounded & crushed in the vicinity of Delatyn. This group included a number of Jews who had been in the Skalat Camp. 25
27 July 1944 Soviet troops retake Stanislawow. 14
1944 Jablonica pass used by U.S.S.R. in its attack on Hungary.
 26
8 May 1945 World War II ends in Europe.  
 
Post-World War II
  
6 May 1968 Ernst Varchmin and others tried in the Landgericht Munster (Higher District Court) for the mass, group, & individual shooting & deportations of thousands of Jews, Poles, & Ukrainians in Stanislau, Rohatyn, Kalucz, Nadworna, Delatyn, Tatarow, Worochta,  Jablonica, Dolina, Wyskow,  & Bukowina. 24
13 July 1972 Ernst Varchmin sentenced to life imprisonment by the Bundesgerichtshof  (W. German Federal Supreme Court). 24
Aug 1991 Ukraine becomes an independent country.

Random facts about Delatyn

  • delatynite :    A variety of amber found in Delatyn.

    • source : Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms.[11]

    Sources :

    1. Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. Henry Holt & Co.;New York : 1994.
    2. Lindwer, Willie. Return to My Shtetl Delatyn. (film). Ergo Media;Teaneck, NJ : 1991.
    3. Encyclopedia Judaica. Keter Publishing; Jerusalem.
    4. Jewish Cemetary Census. Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies.US Comm. No. UA08260101.
    5. Kann, Robert A. A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526 - 1918 .Univ. of California Press; Berkeley: 1974.
    6. Gottleib, Scholom N. Ohole-Schem. Pinsk: 1912.
    7. Mokotoff, Gary and Sallyann Sack. Where Once We Walked. Avotaynu;Bergenfeld, N.J.
    8. Apenszlak, Jacob. The Black Book of Polish Jewry : An Account ofthe Martyrdom Polish Jewry Under the Nazi Occupation. Roy Publishers:American Federation for Polish Jews, Inc; New York : 1943.
    9. Danuta Dabrowska, Abraham Wein, & Aharon Weiss, eds. Pinkas Hakehillot (Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities) : Poland - Vol. 2 EasternGalicia. Yad VaShem; Jerusalem : 1980. Delatyn : Pages 158 - 160. Lanchin : Pages 293 - 4.
    10. Davies, Norman. G-d's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 2 Columbia Univ. Press; New York : 1982.
    11. Dictionary of Mining, Mineral,and Related Terms. U.S. Bureau of Mines
    12. Carmi, Israel. Nadvurnah : sefer 'edut ve-zikaron. Hotsa'atha-irgunim shel yotse Nadvurnah be-Yisra'el uve-Artsot ha-berit. Tel Aviv : 1975.
    13. 1928 Business Directory.
    14. Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine : A History. 2nd Edition. Univ. ofToronto Press; Toronto : 1994.
    15. Maimon, Judah Leib. Arim V'Imahot B'Yisrael (Mother Cities of Israel). vol. 5. Stanislawow. Mossad ha-Rav Kook. Jerusalem, Israel: 1945 or 1946. pages 322-323.
    16. Wunder, R' Meir. Meorei Galicia : Encyclopedia of Galician Jewry. vol. 1-5. Jerusalem Institute for Commemoration of Galician Jewry. Jerusalem, Israel: 1978-1997.
    17. JewishGen ShtetlSeeker .
    18. Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine : A History. 2nd edition. Univ. of Toronto Press. Toronto : 1994.
    19. Pohl, Dieter. Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941 - 1944. ( Nazi Persecution of Jews in East Galicia 1941 - 1944 ). Oldenbourg. Munich : 1997. page 148.
    20. Czernin-Chudenitz, Franz, ed. "Erster Einbau eines Funkgerates in ein Flugzeug der K.u.k Armee", Der Dolomitenfreund : Mitteilungen fuer unsere Mitglieder und Freunde. (Friends of the Dolomites : Notes for Members and Friends). Dolomitenfreunde; Vienna : Number III, 1997.
    21. Die Geschichte des Weltkriegs. Verlag für Vaterländische Literatur, GmbH. Wien. 1919. (History of the World War. Publisher for Fatherland Literature. Vienna).
    22. Grodzoski, Stanislaw. "The Jewish Question in Galicia : The Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, 1772- 1790 ". Studies in Polish Jewry, Volume 12. Focusing on Galicia : Jews, Poles, and Ukrainians 1772-1918 . The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. London : 1999. pages 61-72.
    23. Hödl, Klaus. "Galician Jewish Migration to Vienna ". Studies in Polish Jewry, Volume 12. Focusing on Galicia : Jews, Poles, and Ukrainians 1772-1918. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. London : 1999. pages 147-163.
    24. de Mildt, D.W.  and C.F. Rüter. Die westdeutschen Strafverfahren wegen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen 1945-1997. Eine systematische Verfahrensbeschreibung mit Karten und Registern. (The West German Criminal Procedures in Response to National Socialist Genocide Crimes 1945-1997. A systematic procedural account with maps and tables). Justiz und NS-Verbrechen Series.Stiftung zur wissenschaftlichen Erforschung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen. (Foundation for Scientific Research of National-Socialist Crimes). University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam. 1998.
    25. Kaplan, J. Es shtarbt a shtetl; megiles Skalat. Central Historical commission of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the U.S. Zone of Germany. Munich : 1948. page 54 and 117.
    26. Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Inc. April 1997. page 4118.
    27. Yad Vashem file O5/80. New Haven Evning Register Yad Vashem Unpublished Archval Material. Yad Vashem. Jerusalem. page 5.
    28. "Cholera Spreading Rapidly". New Haven Evening Register. New Haven, CT. 1 Sep 1893.

    Other References to Delatyn :
    1. Eliach, Yaffa. Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust. Vintage Books;New York : 1982. Pages 10-13.
    2. Franzos, Karl Emil. The Clown of Barnow. translator Enrique Lerdau.  University Press of the South; New Orleans: 2004.  page 401:
      "The village of Delatyn lay in the Carpathian mountains, about twelve miles from Barnow.  Because of the healthy pine aroma of its air, and because of its good dairy products, it was much visited by people with lung diseases."
      Originally published as "Der Pojaz" (1905).
    3. Kagan, Berl. Hebrew Subscription Lists. Ktav. New York : 1975.
    4. Gotz, Aly. Der Holocaust. Der Spiegel. Spiegel-Verlags. September 6, 1999.
    Travel guides with Delatyn References:
    1. Illustrierter Fuehrer durch Galizien. Helmut Scherer Verlag GmbH. Berlin. 1914. Reprint ISBN 3089433-004-3.
    2. Illustrierter Fuehrer auf den kaiserlich koengl. oesterreischen Staatsbahnen. ( Illustrated Guide of the Imperial and Royal Austrian State Railways). 1914.
    Thanks to Libby Jochnowitz and Rabbi Israel Rubin of Albany, New York
    for translating Lanchin Hebrew materials.
    Lanchin contact person Rema Goldstein.