Introduction

I feel that I had better start this article with a bit of an introduction, in order to explain to you what has promoted me to write it. As you all probably know, I have always been interested in history, particularly Jewish history, and of course family history-genealogy. During the past ten years I have researched the places in Eastern Europe, where our family originated, and written articles[1] about them. When I was a young girl I used to enjoy hearing the stories that my Maternal Grandparents told about their past, and afterwards the little tidbits that my Mother unintentionally (?) added on. At a certain time, I understood that it was my Grandmother who kept the family together. Then, later on, I understood that it was my Mother who had done this. She was even capable of doing so, by way of letters, after my parents came on Aliyah[2]. Now, I feel that the time has come for me to write up everything that I know about our family. As a student of history, I cannot say that our family is/was a great or important family. The only really important person from our family was my Grandmother s brother, the British Jewish author Louis Golding; but I think that today there are quite a few important people in our family. All I can say is that this family is important to me, because it is my family.

At first I had no idea of how to organize this article. I simply did not know where to start. Then, per chance a friend of ours, Dr. Ida Selavan Schwarcz, told me about an article that she had written about her Mother. After reading her wonderful article, which gave much honor to her Mother and her family, I had an idea of how I should build this article. [3]

When I first began to think about writing this article I wrote all the cousins who I am in contact with to ask for information. I thank all of you who so kindly sent information. I also must specially thank our cousin JuddE. Posner[4], who made a Family Tree ,[5] quite a few years ago. His Mother, Nettie Posner, also had a wealth of family information in her head and past it on, with love, to him. It is quite interesting to see the continuation of private names in the family, as they proceed on this Tree .

Due to my email correspondence with cousin Janine Botty, I decided to add photographs. I enjoyed looking through old albums to find appropriate ones. I enjoyed even more so, how so many of you sent me old and new photographs of your family. I thank you all so much for your cooperation.

My correspondence with cousins Diane Pomerantz, Valerie Rosenhoch and Jack and Danny Marcus caused them to find a few documents. Therefore, I decided to add these documents.

Per chance, I acquired quite a bit of information[6] about Jack Golding, my Grandmother's youngest brother who was killed, as a British soldier in World War I. Therefore I feel good that I have done something for his memory and have decided to also dedicate this article to his memory.

I have much interesting (and perhaps useful) information in the footnotes, so I really suggest that you read them. One of the reasons that I did so, is because Martin Golding once told me that sometimes he reads only footnotes[7].

Please understand that this article is about my family, the family that I know and love. What I write is what I know and what I feel. This is not a real historical document; but it is a composition about my family as seen through my eyes.

I beg your pardon if I have written something that you do not agree with. Please contact me and I will change it.

I have used as many biography references as possible from the internet; for I think that this may make it easier for you to refer to them, than would I use books that you may not have easy access to.

I will now start to tell you about the background of the family; beginning as far back as I can, according to the information that I have acquired from others, or that I myself remember hearing

Thank you for reading this.

Esther Anne (Herschman) Rechtschafner

Golding Family Background

I am beginning with the history of the Golding Family for I have much information about this thanks to JuddE s Family Tree .

My Mother s Great-great Grandparents were Yehuda Reyentowitz and Necha Tsirilstein. Their oldest son Monash Reyentowitz (@1825-1914) married Rachel.

They had a daughter Necha[8] Reyentowitz who was married to Philip Golding[9]. He was a struggling magid (teacher of Jewish subjects)[10], a teacher and lecturer and a very religious man. [11] He was a very strict person and pretty harsh to the children.[12] Yiddish was the family language. The family lived in Cherkassy. It is quite possible that the family also lived previously in Cherkassy[13], Ukraine.

Necha Reyentowitz died in about 1890, when my Grandmother was about 8 years old. When I asked her about her Mother, she told me about a Passover, which they wanted to celebrate in the traditional way; but were forced to do otherwise. They all had to stay in their house and be sure to be under the window level. The windows and/ or shutters (or whatever they had, had to be closed). I asked her if she couldn t run outside to tell something to a girlfriend. She looked at me, as if to say that it was obvious that I could not understand, and said that it seemed impossible for her to cause me to understand what had happened. I asked what about their Sedarim[14]. She said that what was important was to stay alive, that they lived through their own Exodus from Egypt . Therefore I think that this was evidently a pogrom, andwas when her Mother was killed.

Her Father[15] remarried to a woman whose name was Etta[16].[17] Etta had 2 daughters, who were about the age of my Grandmother. The children were all brought up together and related to each other as siblings. My contact and feelings towards Lena's Grandchildren are the same as to all of my other cousins. I was probably a teenager when I understood that not all of my relatives were actually blood-relatves.

The family immigrated to Manchester[18], England in about 185. They brought their samovar[19], candlesticks, wine cups,[20] and bedding with them from Cherkassy[21].[22] They settled in the Cheetham Hill area, in Redbank.[23] Soon afterwards they moved to Strangeways. [24]At one time it was hard for me to believe; but when the family came to England, they could have been classified as poor simple Jewish people[25] (I thought of my family as very special Jewish people.) My cousin Jackie once wrote an article about his Father s family. He wrote this as background material. I didn t want to accept it as the truth. However, I know from one of Uncle Louis books, and from hearing this from my Mother, that there was a time that they took in washing to make a living.

Necha and Philip Golding had 3 children:

Julius- Jewish name- Judah (1878-1932). He married Annie Shimm[26] in 1902. She was his mother's cousin. He came with the family to England, in about 1895[27]. He stayed there for a short time- about a few years. Then he went to the USA at about the turn of the century. He married Annie Shimm[28] in New York in 1902. He worked as a furrier.[29] They lived in Far Rockaway, New York. They had 4 children:

1. Annette[30] (Nettie) Golding (1903-1983) married Murray Posner[31] (1902-1970) in 1929. They lived in a very nice apartment house, which was situated in a garden in Far Rockaway.[32] They had 2 children:

1) Charlotte Lucille (1930) married (George) David Hirshfeld in 1950. They have 2 daughters:

1-Ann Beth (1954) married Mitchell Bruce Levine (1952) in 1977. They have 1 daughter:

1, Amy Frances (1984)

2- Susan Rita (1958) married Ernest John Alvino (1953) in 1983.

2) Judd Edward [JuddE] (1938) He received a good Jewish education. He worked with people with hearing problems for many years. He was into folk dancing. He made the fabulous "Family Tree , which so many family members have so much enjoyed, and which .has helped me so much in this article.[33]

2. Sidney Golding (1905-1957[34]) married Mildred Lewis (1908-1996) in 1929. They had 2 children:

1) Martin Golding[35] (1930) married Naomi Holtzman[36] (1930). Martin is Professor of Jurist Prudence. He taught at Columbia University; but left there, due to the student rioting[37] and John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. He then moved to Duke University[38]. He lectures all over the world. He and his family spent a year in Israel[39]. He is a religious man. They have 3 children:

1- Shulamith (1956) married Jonathan Klein. They live in Atlanta, Georgia. She is the Chief Risk Officer for Emory University and Emory Healthcare.[40] She was the first woman president of the Orthodox congregation there.[41]

2- Belinda (1958) married Victor Schwartz (1955) in 1979. She is a lawyer.[42] He is a psychiatrist. They have 2 sons[43]:

1, Max (1987)

2, Jake (1990).

3- Joshua Golding (1961) married Ayala Pollak in 1991. Josh is a Dr. or the Phiosophy of Religion at Bellarmine University[44]. Ayala[45] is a Employment Law lawyer. They live in Louisville, Kentucky.[46] They spent a year in Israel recently.[47] They have 5 children:

1, Rafael Judah[48] (1992)

2, Rivka Rebecca(1994)

3, Samuel Benjamin (1997)

4, Nathaniel William (2000)

5, Vanessa Michelle (2003)

2) Judith (1935) married Arnold Freedman (1933-1989) in 1935. She married again to Mel Eisenberg in 2000. Judith and Arnold had 4 children:

1- Susan (1957) married Greg Ambers

2- Steven (1961)

3- Edward (1967) married Lisa Lightner in 1994. They had 2 sons:

1, Jake Arnold (1999)

2, Jordan Ashleigh (2002)

4- Mark (1971) married Jennifer Pofsky in 1998. They had 2 children:

1, Emily Anne (2002)

2, Jonathan Evan (2005)

3. George Golding (1913-1950) married Celia Fleder (1916- ) in 1938. George went to St John's College[49] in Brooklyn. They lived in the south Norfolk, Virginia, after their marriage. They then had a retail furniture store.[50] They had 3 daughters:[51]

1) Judith Barbara Golding (1941-1973) married Ronn Zedd in 1962. They had 2 sons:

1- Gordon Zedd (1965)

2- BartonZedd (1967) married Dana Crowe. They had 3 sons:

1, Jacob Zedd (1999)

2, Michael Zedd (2001)

3, Elliot Zedd

2) Linda Golding (1944) married David Cohen (1941) in 1963. They had 3 sons:

1- Jeffrey Cohen (1966) married Jody Rubin (1965). They have 2 children:

1, Shira (1994)

2, Ethan (1996)

2- Randall Cohen (1971) married Robyn Lapp (1974) in 1998. They come to Israel every other year to spend the summer here.[52]

They have 3 sons:

Micha Shai (2002)

Judah Adin (2005)

3. Michael Cohen (1973)

3) Sandra Golding (1947) married Howard Peskin (1944) in 1969. They had 2 daughters:

1) Janna (1972) married Kenneth Brown (1966) in 1996. they have 4 children:

1, Mathew Solomon (1998)

2, Emilie Hanna (2000)

3, Logan Heath (2002)

4, Seth Noah (2005)

2) Mara (1976) married Jeffrey Lapp in 2002. They have 1 son:

1, Elliot Simon (2006)

4. May Golding (1916-2008) married Norman Rice (1913-1989) in 1939. They lived in Clintondale[53] N.Y. He was the pharmacist and post-master there. The pharmacy and post-office were located in part of their house. They had 2 daughters:

1- Judith (1942) married Robert Conklin[54] (1940) in 1962. They live in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina[55].[56] They have 2 daughters:

1) Susan (1963) married Barthold (Bob) Delphin in 2004. They have 1 daughter:

1, Grace Elizabeth (2005)

2) Sharon (1965) married Rexhep Bobi in 1991. They have 1 daughter: 1, Sofia (1993)[57]

2- Betty (1947) married Stephen Schoenberg in 1966. Betty was a home-economic teacher. Steve worked as an electrician for ABC TV. They have 2 children:

1) Robert (1971) married Michelle Greenblatt (1971) in 1994. They had 2 children:

1, Emily Nicole (2001)

2, Mathew Spencer (005)

2) Lisa (1974) married Mike Cohen in 2008. They live in the Boston area. They have 1 daughter:

1, Dalia May (2010)

Sarah[58] (1886-@1960) She came to England when she was about 15 years old. Therefore she did not have much or any schooling in England. She went to work. She did learn to speak English, but never actually learned to read or write English[59]. She married Rubin Goldstone. They had a corner grocery store, in Manchester. They had 4 children:

Sarah's children: (This is the English part of our Family.[60])

1.Nettie Goldstone (1905- 1957) married X and lived in Manchester. Nettie evidently was a counselor for Jewish children from Germany who came to England during WWII[61].

2. Sonny Goldstone(1907- dec) married X and lived in Ireland.

3. Sidney (Shmully) Goldstone (1908- 1980) married Phyllis and lived in Manchester. Shmully and Phyllis married late for they both took care of elderly parents. They came to Israel a few times and my parents enjoyed being together with them. My Mother said that Louis, Shmully and Martin Golding were the smartest people of their respective generations in our family.

4. Norman (Nachum) [62] (1917- dec) married Edith (- 1982) who was from Scotland. Nachum was a doctor and worked in the socialized medicine program. They had 3 children:

1) Iris Rochelle (@1943-8/10/2001[63]) married David Gould in 1968[64]. They lived in Sale, Cheshire. Iris had cancer and was very active in the Cancer Care Organization in England.[65]They had 2 children:

1- Clive

2-Vivienne Sara (1972) married Daniel Marc Green, son of Susan and Ian Green, and Grandson of Betty and Pip Green. Vivienne is a doctor.[66]

2) Anthony (@1946) He married Jenny. They live in Radlett Hertfordshire. They have 3 children:

1- Nick

2- Lisa

3- Chloe

3) Philip (@1948) He married Marcia. They live in Leeds. He came to spend some time with us at about the time when we got married (May, 1965). They have 3 children:

1- Victoria

2- Robert

3- Jonathan[67]

Edith- Jewish name- Hinda (1882-1956) She was my Grandmother!

She went to school for a while in Manchester. She knew how to read and write in English; however I was always under the impression that this was not too easy for her. She felt more comfortable in Yiddish and spoke in Yiddish to my Grandfather. She succeeded in teaching me a little bit of Yiddish. She married Zacharia Marcus[68] at about the beginning of the twentieth century. They lived on Sycamore Street, in Manchester. They had 4 children:

1. Nettie D. -Necha[69] D[70]vash (1907-1991) married Oscar Herschman[71] (1903-1987) in 1938. She was born in Manchester[72] and came to America by herself[73]. My Mother worked for a while as a statistical typist. The enjoyed hearing lectures; particularly on Jewish/ Zionist subjects. She attended many college courses, before she was married. My Father was an economist by vocation. They had 1 daughter: (This is me)

1) Esther Anne[74] (1944-) married Mordechai Rechtschafner[75] (1941-) in 1965. We live in Israel[76]. I now work as a librarian /archivist. I worked for over 22 years as house-mother at Yeshivat HaKibbutz HaDat[77]i. We have 3 daughters:

1-Idit Meira[78] (1968-) married Jacob (Koby) Inegram in 1990. Idit has a BA in Informal and Special Education and a Teacher's license from Bar Ilan University[79]. Masters' degree in Jewish education from Touro Unniversity[80], Jerusalem. She works as a teacher. Koby has a BS degree in computer-electricity from Ariel University[81] and Bar Ilan (Zemach branch) . They now live in Katzrin[82], Ramat HaGolan[83]. They have 7 children:

1, Avital Neta[84] (1994)

2, Yael Shoshana[85] (1995)

3, Yonaton Aryeh[86] (1997)

4, Renat Leah[87] (1999)

5, Zuria Shir[88] (2002)

6, Tehila Rivka[89] (2003)

7, Yiska Oria[90] (2007)

2- Ayelet Fruma[91] (1971) married Zachary[92] Prigozin (1961) in 1998. Ayelet has a BS and a Masters'[93] Degree in nursing from Hadassah Medical School[94], and currently works in a diabetic infirmary in Jerusalem. She lectures in Sharei Zedek Nursing School[95]and Hadassah Medical School. Zachary is a licensed doctor from Russia. He now works as a male dialysis nurse Sharei Zedek Hospital[96]. They now live in Zur Hadassah[97]. They have 3 sons:

1, Daniel Asher[98] (1999)

2, Yonatan-Yoni[99] (2001)

3, Asaf[100] (2008)

3- Doria Zippora[101] (1980) married Moty Ivgy[102] (1966) in 2006. Doria has a BA in Jewish Philosophy and Art History and a Teachers license from the Hebrew University[103] in Jerusalem[104]. She now works in the Ariel University. Moty has a Yeshiva education. He now has his own catering business. They now live in Nofim[105], which is a suburb of Karnei Shomron[106].

2. Lionel (1909-1999[107]) married Jeanette Salkin (1912-1994) in 1944. Lionel served in the USA air force during WWII. He had[108] had a prestigious office job in Manhattan. Jeanette worked many years as an assistant kindergarten teacher.[109] They visited us in Israel a few times.[110] They had 2 children:

1) Marcia Elaine (1946) married Lonny Partridge (1945) in 1968. Marcia works as a speech therapist. Lonny is now retired; but worked a high-school teacher in NYC public education. They have 2 children:

1- Allison (1972) married James in 2005. Allison works in cosmetics. They have one son:

1, Colin Leo[111]- (2008)

2- Jonathan (1978) Jonathan works as a television producer.

2) Mark Phillip (1951-) married Diane Lagenegro (1950) in 1979. He visited Israel when he was a young man.[112] He studied medicine in Italy.[113]They have 1 daughter:

1- Stephanie Jennel (1986)

3. Norman Chemi (1911-1986)[114] married Rose Hochberg (1912-2003). They had a store for women's apparel in Mount Vernon[115], New York. They visited Israel a few times. [116]They had 2 sons:

1) Jack David Marcus[117] (1942) married Sylvia Smolenski. They divorced. They lived in Manhattan, and Jackie still lives there. He worked in public health. He visited Israel a few times[118]. They had 2 children:

1- Jessica Fay[119] (1980) married Justin Gallagher[120] on June 27, 2009. They have 1 son:

1, Ian Joseph (2011)

2- Adam[121] Zachary[122] (1982) married Britanny Kohn (2011)

2) Daniel Lewis (1946) married Basya Baenboim[123]. They have 3 children:

1, Michele Edith[124] (1985)

2, Sharon Nettie[125] (1986)

3, David Norman[126] (1988)

4. Frances Fagel[127]l (1917-1973[128]) married Joe Gross[129] (-1998) in 1954. At first they lived in Manhattan[130], in an apartment hotel on Central Park West[131], and afterwards in Jersey City[132]. She worked as a secretary in Manhattan. Her nephews and nieces loved her very much.[133] She had great influence[134] upon her parents; since she got married late, and lived with her parents in "the House[135]" until her wedding. She was a very good student[136], very attractive[137], and liked art work. She was always a Religious Zionist[138]. They visited Israel a few times.[139]

Etta had 2 daughters from her previous marriage:

Janie: 1881-@1948) She was born in Cherkassy[140]. She married Mr. Shorr and lived in England; but came to the USA together with her sister Lena[141]. She was very sickly. Her husband evidently died in England. They did not have any children.[142] She died in the 1930's or -40's.[143] She was a very good friend of Annie Wintrob.[144]

Lena (1891-1954): She was born in Cherkassy. She married Harry Sagar[145] in England. He immigrated to the USA, where he apparently had family. He died in 1918 and was buried in Philadelphia.[146] The family was very poor[147]. Harry eventually left the family [148]; for it was very hard to live with Lena. The family immigrated to the USA. The sons, Al[149] (Abe) and Ian (Isidore) came first[150]. Then they sent for Yetta (Rita.[151]), and eventually for their Mother Lena and their Aunt Janie. Auntie Lena lived in a sort of dark apartment, which was a few steps down. She was always wearing an apron when we came to visit. She appeared to me to be tall and thin[152]. She was actually petite.[153]

Lena's children[154]:

1. Abraham-Abe (1911[155]-d) married Beulah Lavenger (1913-1991[156]). They eloped in order to save their families the expense of having to pay for a wedding. They had gone camping with Ian. He went to CCNY.[157] He worked at various jobs,[158] mostly men's haberdashery[159]. Beulah was the kindest person, caring about everyone else.[160] They had one daughter[161], [162]:

1) Valerie Jane[163](1949) is married to Howard Rosenhoch[164] and lives in Buffalo[165], New York. She has a Masters degree in Urban Planning; but has worked in health Planning and Policy for the last 38 years[166].She was quite active in the PTA of her sons' schools. She is chairwoman of YadB'Yad[167]. She has 2 sons:

1, Alan[168] (1984) is working in Economic Development and finishing his studies for his MBA.[169] 

2, David[170] (1990) He has Down syndrome.[171] He graduated from high school with an "individualized education program degree".[172] He is participating in a program at one of the local colleges that is geared to his needs for learning skills and how to be independent. 

2. Ian (Isidor) (-1987[173]) married Rosalind Leiberman[174]. They lived for a while in Binghamton, NY and then moved to Syracuse[175]. They came to visit the Grandmothers in Brooklyn reasonably often. We usually met with them, or in the Grandmothers' homes in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, or in my Grandparents house.[176] They had 3 children:

1) Richard-Rick (1948) Ricky is in Phoenix[177],Arizona area. He was a school superintendent[178] in a suburb of Phoenix. He has a doctorate in Education. He had 2 wives. He had 2 children with his 1^st wife Nancy[179]:

1- Laura (1980) She married Michael Stevens[180] and lives in Buffalo[181], New York.[182]

2- Jason (1983) He married Katie Wunderlich[183]. They live in Rochester[184], New York.[185]

He had 1 daughter with his 2nd  wife Mary[186]:

3- Rachel (@2004)[187]

2) Janine[188] (1949) She married Mike Botty in 1974. She has a college degree in special education.[189] They live in Fulton[190], NY. Janine taught special education for a few years and then did some substitute teaching[191]. Mike is now a retired dentist. He and his partner own 4 dental offices.[192] They have 2 children:

1- Amy (1978) She is a special education teacher. She lives in the, Rochester, NY area.

2- David (1983) married Trisha Lyons in 2007[193].[194] He lived in Alexandria[195], VA. Now they have returned to live in Syracuse.[196] He is the Director of Operations for Northeast Dental Associates.[197] Trisha works for a NYS politician. They are expecting their 1st child in mid-December 2011.[198]

3) Michael Lynn (1952) Michael was named after his grandmother Lena. He has Down syndrome[199]. He took very good care of his Father and is now doing the same for his Mother.[200]

3. Yetta (Rita) married Stephen Saskiewicz. He worked for the Post Office. Rita was in the army, as a WAC[201]. She died in Buffalo, New York.[202]

Etta and Philip Golding had 3 children:

Abey[203]- (1893-1965[204]) He was born in Cherkassy. Abe married[205] Ginny Gustav[206]. [207] They had 2 children:

1. Rita Golding[208] (1920[209]-1994) married Marty Pomerantz[210] in 1942. They had 2 children:

1) Leslie (1946-1988) married Diane in 1973. He was a bright and precocious boy who was very active.    He had a fair share of problems but was a very talented photographer.  They had I daughter:

1- Lisa (b.1974) She attended the University of Colorado at Boulder. She now lives in NYC where she owns a very successful music travel business. 

2) Diane (Dede) (b.1948) She was married briefly to Gary Weiss, and afterwards to Myron Brenner in 1982, in Baltimore. She graduated from Hunter College[211] in NYC in 1970; and she received her MA from the New School for Social Research in 1973. Then she left for California.  She received her Ph.D. in Psychology in 1980.  She then moved to Baltimore to do her Post doctorate. She is now divorced. They have 2 children:

1- Jane Aviv (1988)

2- Dan (1991)

2. Philip Golding (1927[212]) married Joyce Charlip in 1954. Philip started college at City College but after one semester he joined the Navy in WWII. It is not clear what exactly he did then; but he did see the world. He finished college when he returned and then was called back to duty and went to Korea.  When he returned he became a CPA and worked for New York State for many years. They had 2 children:

1) Laurence (Larry) (1957) married Tina. They divorced. Uncle Louis' last book, Little Old Admiral, was dedicated to Larry. 

2) Elisabeth-Beth (1959)

Louis- (1895- 1958[213]) He was already born in Manchester[214], England. He was a British writer, very famous[215] in his time especially for his novels[216], though he is now largely neglected. He also wrote short stories, essays, fantasies, travel books and poetry. He showed talent in writing from when he was a young boy[217].He did not get along well with his Father.[218] He was a good friend of Maurice Samuel.[219] His novel Magnolia Street[220] was a bestseller of 1932.[221] He traveled the world.[222] He was invited to many important places. He was once invited by the Queen.[223] He married his childhood friend, Annie Wintrobe[224].

Jack- (1899-1918[225]) He was also born in Manchester, England. My cousin Jackie (Jack David Marcus) is named after him.

Jack Golding was an English soldier and was killed in battle[226]. The British Jewry Book of Honour confirms his service number and date of death as well stating that he was in the 1^st and 7^th Battalions of the Manchester Regiment. His home address is listed as being 19 Sycamore Street.[227] Apparently this was the address of his sister and brother- in-law: Edith (My Grandmother) and Zacharia Marcus.

He died at Flanders[228] on April 5, 1918. He is buried at Gommecourt Wood New Cemetery Foncquevillers[229]. His death was also listed as a Jewish casuality.[230]

His army certificates are in Appendix- 2 A.[231], [232]

Marcus Family Background

My Grandfather Zacharia Marcus immigrated to Manchester from Sveksna[233], Lithuania with his family, when he was a young man. Afterwards, members of the family immigrated to Chicago, and my Grandfather to New York. It seems that he and his sister Sarah came first to England.[234] I loved him very much and can honestly say that I still miss him. He told me much about his childhood in Sveksna[235].

After my parents came on Aliyah, my Mother and I sometimes walked down a crowded street in Tel Aviv together and she would remark that she saw someone who looked like my grandfather. When she met Mordechai she remarked that she thought that my Grandfather would have liked him.

He was a religious man, he prayed every day. He taught me the importance of being able to find the place in a Siddur (prayer book) and /or Chumash (Bible) by just listening. He did not like the idea of having pages announced or asking for the page number. I do not believe that he was very educated; but this did not bother me. I remember my Father once remarking that when my Grandfather met with 2 very educated Sveksna people[236] he was happy to be with them; but he had nothing to add to their conversation. He was always a very ardent Zionist. He was very active in the Zionist Organization in and a member of the Zionist Hall[237],[238], in Manchester.

Moshe Marcus married Fagel[239]. They had 5 children:

1 Zacharia (@1872[240]-1957) He was born in Sveksna, Lithuania and lived in Manchester, England and then in New York[241]. He married Edith Golding[242]. They owned a candy store at one time in Manchester.[243] He was carpenter, by trade.

2 Lena (1876[244]) She was born in Sveksna and immigrated with her family to Manchester. She married Victor Levinson. They lived in Chicago. They had 2 children:

1.      Ann Wagner

2.      Chester Levinson[245]

3 Sarah (1881[246]) She was born in Sveksna and immigrated with her family to Manchester. She married Max Ripkin in Manchester[247]. They immigrated to Chicago[248], USA. They had 4 children:

1.    Hyman

2.    Louis (Max[249])

3.    Julius[250] married Mary. They had 2 children:

1)     Carol

2)     Barry (1952)

4.    Fannie[251]

4 Janie[252]- (Janny, Jenny, Hika-Ida)[253], [254](1887) She was born in Sveksna and immigrated with her family to Manchester.[255] She married Sam[256] Stollman[257], in 1910[258]. They had 2 daughters:

1. Faye She married Ben Wagner: She had 2 daughters:

1) Marcia Sommers (1941)[259]She had a son:

2) Jeffery (@1946)

2. Ella[260] (@1912[261].-2007) married Dave Schwab[262].[263] They had 3 daughters:

1) Sharon[264] (1942[265]) She married Don Ziminda (1948[266]) in 1978.[267] He is a sports writer.[268] She volunteers in the Old Age Home that her Mother was in.[269] She has 2 sons from her first marriage[270]:

1- Steven (1962)[271] He lives in Los Angeles[272]. He works at Jaguar dealership.[273]

2- Michael (1965)[274] He married Nancy. She is a librarian.[275] They live in the Chicago area. They have 2 sons[276]:

1, Mathew (@1999)

2, Sean (@2001)

2) Vicki Harrison (@1945) She is divorced. She lives in Portland[277], Oregon[278], USA.

3) Anita[279] (1952)[280] She married Howard Gutterman[281]. They live in Ontario, Canada. Anita works as a substitute teacher. They enjoy going on trips.[282] They have 2 daughters:

1- Eden(1985)[283] She is now teaching in a Jewish Day School, in Vancouver, Canada[284].

2- Shayla[285] (1988[286]) She is now finishing her University studies.

5. Anna (d. 1919) [287].[288] She lived in England and came to Chicago to visit.

Related[289] families are:

A. Chinn[290]:

1.Jesse She married Julius Simon. They lived in Chicago. They had 1 daughter:

1) Leah Anne- Liane (@1938) Liane was born in Chicago. She now possibly lives on the west coast of the USA.[291]

2. Ray-Rachel She married Julius Simon about a year after her sister died. They lived in Chicago.

B. Simon. They also came from Sveksna. They immigrated to Passaic, New Jersey. They were evidently cousins of my Grandfather's.

They had 2 sons: (twins) They now live in Los Angeles, California

1. Edgar (@1920)[292]. He married Marilyn. He was a lawyer. She makes Jewish artifacts. They have both been hospitalized lately[293]. They have 1 son:

)Lowell[294]

2. Gilbert (@1920) He married Donna.

C. Sharpe. (Harry and Sid [a woman]) They were a married couple who lived in uptown Manhattan. They enjoyed having contact with our family. He had a very special occupation. He was a photographer and owned a pony. We used to travel allover New York City, by subway, with his pony. He would photograph children sitting on the pony. She worked in an office in Manhattan.

The Zacharia and Edith Marcus Family[295]

It is interesting to note that my Grandparents sisters (some are the names of my Grandmother's sister-in-laws) had the same names: Sarah, Lena, Janey-Jenny, Anna.[296]

My Grandfather Zacharia came first to the USA. Then my Mother Nettie, came. She said that she would go to the beach in Far Rockaway and look at the ocean and say to herself that her Mother was not that far away- just on the a side of the ocean. Then Edith came with Lionel, Norman and Frances[297]. At first they lived in Far Rockaway. Afterwards, my Grandfather got a job in a carpentry shop[298] on Nostrand Avenue corner Pacific Avenue (border of the Crown Heights neighborhood) in Brooklyn, New York so they moved to Brooklyn. They had to be near the Long Island railroad, for my Aunt Frances (Dede) was still attending Far Rockaway High School. They then lived on New York Avenue. Later on they moved to the 961 Lincoln Place apartment. This apartment was in a 2 family house on top of a Bohacks grocery store. This apartment became known to the family as "the house".

This house had a big brown wall with no windows on the ground floor. Neighborhood boys would play hand ball against this wall. Most of them were Catholic and attended St. Gregory's Parochial School[299]. Through the years, my grandparents suffered a few broken windows. My Grandfather tried to speak to the boys, to their parents, and finally decided to go to the Church. He wore a grey fedora hat. It was obvious that he was Jewish. The reply that he received was "boys will be boys". He took this as an Anti-Semitic reply. His comment was "What should I have expected; the Church is the same her as it was in Sveksna."[300]

In about 1950 they got a Motorola television. My grandfather liked to watch boxing. One day Frances came into "the house" and said there was going to be a very good movie on one night that week. The movie was the "Caine Mutainy". My Grandparents put up notes for themselves all over the house to remind them to watch the movie. My mother heard about his and remarked that they probably would not understand it at all.[301]

My Grandmother told many stories of when she was a young girl. She told me about how hard they all worked to clean for Passover, She said that she even had to kasher (make it kosher for Passover) her tongue.

She had a hatred and/or fear of the Russian peasants.

When I was a little girl, my Grandmother was once very happy that she found a little box of sunflower seeds in a candy store and bought them for 2 cents. She said she was going to plant them. She knew a neighbor who lived in a private house across the street[302] and asked permission to plant them in his garden. I wanted to go with her. She did not allow me to, she explained that he was Russian and did not like Jews. It was difficult for me to understand this concept. She said that I could go with her up to the fence of his house; but must wait outside and not pester her. She spoke to him in a foreign language- Russian. He answered her in the same language; but did not smile at her. He did not seem to be too friendly. I remember what he looked like. He had a big nose and wore a big hat (something like a cowboy hat). She took a jug of water from her house every day (she carried it down the stairs and across the street) and went to water her sunflower seeds. She succeeded in growing sunflowers like what they had in Cherkassy.[303] She was quite happy.

I also remember that she came to visit us early one Shabbat morning. We lived[304] in walking distance from my grandparents. This is about the only time I remember her coming to visit; particularly a spontaneous visit. I was outside playing, and there she was walking up the street. I remember what dress she was wearing. When she approached me she remarked about how nice it was to see all the Chassidim (Ultra-Orthodox Jews) going in their Shabbat dress to pray on this Shabbat morning. She said it was just like in Cherkassy. Even though this was so near her house, she did not see the Chasidim pass by on Shabbat. They had to pass our house on their way from the Albany Ave. projects (apparently to the Bobeve Shul [on Brooklyn Ave./corner Sterling Place], the Lubuvitch Shul [on Eastern Parkway near Kingston Ave.] the Hungarian Shul [on Eastern Parkway near Brooklyn Ave.] or others that were located near our house).

She knew a bit about Jewish subjects. She once explained to me that in her opinion; if we had a Sanhedrin[305] today (the early 1950's) we would probably be allowed to use electricity on Shabbat.[306] She was a religious woman; but only went to the Synagogue for Yizkor[307] and on the High-Holidays. If my memory serves me well, I remember her praying at home from an old Siddur on Shabbatot. She was very Zionistically inclined and would have liked to visit the new State of Israel. Yet, she realized that this was more than a dream. She respected and honored people who had been here. She was very proud that her brother Louis was one of them. She once remarked that she would have liked to live here, in the Jewish State; but she also wanted to be near her immediate family. I think that she could be depicted as the perfect Jewish Grandmother, in regards to appearance, language, and way of life. My Grandparents spoke Yiddish between themselves. I suppose they sometimes spoke it to their children also; however my Mother always said that she could understand this language but could not speak it.

Most of my memories of her are of her cooking in the kitchen or serving food in the dining-room. She was an excellent cook of food from the Jewish cuisine. She spent much time cooking.[308] She even made noodles[309] by herself. Once my Mother told her that it was possible to buy very very thin noodles. Her answer was "so I'll make them thinner". She made them by rolling the dough out on a cutting-board, cutting them and putting them into the soup-one by one.

She knew how to be strict with her grandchildren, when we made too much noise or too big a mess. Then she would express with a Yiddish phrase. She used to call her grand-daughters (Marcia and myself "gutte meidel" (good girl) and sheine meidel"(pretty girl). One time she referred to me as the good girl. I got angry and said that I wanted to be the pretty one. Her reply was "think and then tell me and yourself which one is better".[310] She used to get a bit angry when all of us, or some of us Grandchildren were together and we made a lot of noise and a bit of a mess.[311] She loved her entire family very much. She loved her sister Sarah's daughter Nettie very much.[312] A big picture of her Father and Grandfather (Zeidie Monash and Zeidie Feivel [Philip]) hung in the dining room of "the house". She was very extremely proud of 2 family members:

1. Her brother Louis Golding
   
   
2. Her brother Julius' grandson
   Martin Golding [313]

My Grandparents were never rich, or well-off people. I feel that they could even be described as from the poorer sector of our people. They worked at various jobs in Manchester. My Grandmother knew how to sew. They had a Singer sewing machine in their house on Lincoln Place. My Grandmother did make a few things for the house. However my Mother and Aunt Frances were into buying and always told her that things could be bought very cheaply.

At one time, in Manchester they owned and operated a candy store. It is possible that they then made at least some of the candies themselves. Part of my Grandmother's cooking included rock-candy with a string running through it, and Ingber (a sweet carrot treat (which was cut into portions on a cutting board). It seems that they decided to immigrate to America for economic reasons. My mother once was thinking out loud about her parents' economic situation and asked whoever she was talking to "what is better, if they could be self supporting or the fact that they have sons who are doing well and are able to help support them?"

They were a religious family and gave their children a proper religious education. I have the copy of the letter In Hebrew, which my Uncle Norman wrote to my Mother in America before his Bar Mitzvah. He was excited about getting long trousers. My Uncle Lionel told me about his Hebrew teacher. He was very impressed that this man was actually a Rabbi; but was addressed formerly as "Mister".[314] My Mother had a Hebrew teacher called Mr. Rivlin. He was from the Rivlin[315] Family and had come from Israel to teach Hebrew in Manchester for a few years. She taught me a few of the songs that he had taught his pupils. My Mother managed to locate 1of his sons, after my parents came on Aliyah, and the 2 couples became friends.

My grandfather read the Yiddish Newspapers everyday. He kept on changing his mind as to which was better: the "Forward" or the "Tag". Sometimes I saw my Grandmother read them also. She had glassed for reading and for cleaning chickens.[316]

Our Grandparents home "the house" was always a center for our family to meet. This was especially so on Shabbatot and Holidays. My Uncles and families lived out of town and my Aunt did also after her marriage. We lived the closest, about a 10 minute walk. Therefore their house was actually a second home to me. After a certain age, I would go there myself. I would spend summer mornings there for it was cooler than our house. I liked to have my Grandfather's attention. If my grandmother would start to yell at him to help her, I understood (after a short while) that I had to keep myself busy.

When we would get a telegram after 7 PM[317] we knew it was bad news. These telegrams were usually from the Family in Chicago. The telegrams usually told of a death in the family. Once we got such a telegram with good news: SHARON was to get married.

They began to get older and it was hard for them to walk long distances. Therefore they could not attend Jackie's Bar Mitzvah. The Synagogue was a distance from my Uncle's house. Jackie therefore recorded (at his last rehersal) the reading of his Parsha (Torah reading for the week of his Bar Mitzvah for them). My Uncle Norman said that this would probably be better than the actual reading. My Mother wrote his Bar Mitzvah speech and or she or Jackie read it to them. I felt so sorry for them to have to stay home by themselves, when the rest of us were altogether. They were evidently married 45 or 50 years and someone suggested making them an anniversary party. My Mother or my Aunt remarked that this would be ridiculous since they barely spoke to each other; except for important things. They understood that this way they argued less.

My Grandfather was hospitalized in the Brooklyn Jewish Hospital[318]. He was very impressed for by what he was served for breakfast- rice puffs and wheat puffs. He asked the nurse to give him a few. He opened up a paper napkin and let me taste one. This was evidently the first time he had tasted dry cereal and the first time he had not eaten pumpernickel (black bread) for his breakfast.

My Grandfather telephoned one evening to say that my Grandmother had evidently fainted. He did not know how to pick her up from the position she was in or move her. My Mother told him that we would be there very soon; but he should ask the Negro neighbors from upstairs to come to his aid for the next minutes could be important. They were so nice about helping out. My mother told my Father to run over there and that we would follow. She telephoned her siblings. My Grandmother was in and out of the hospital for a while. She died early on a Shabbat morning. The Family was called to the hospital. This was 2 days after Chanuka. The nurse who was on duty the night before said that my Grandmother had told her the night before about the most beautiful sunset she had just seen (probably the beginning of the Shabbat). Since then, whenever I see a beautiful sunset on Shabbat, it scares me. My Mother went in the next morning; but my Grandmother could not speak. Afterwards she told the nurse that she cold not speak for she had tears in her throat. So many people came to the Shiva: Family, friends, and people that may Grandparents had helped in various ways[319]. This taught me that one doesn't have to give charity with money; but can do so with good deeds.

It was decided that my Grandfather could not stay in "the house" alone. My Aunt Frances and Uncle Joe then lived in an apartment Hotel on Central Park west. She rented an apartment for him in the building. He was bored during the long days. He came to live with us. We had a 3 room small apartment and gave him the bedroom. It was very crowded, but he was in his own neighborhood. My Uncle Lionel built a room for him in the basement of their house, in Franklin Square, Long Island. He was alone most of the day. My Uncle Norman gave him a room in his house in Mount Vernon, New York. He was alone for a good part of the day. He now had 4 homes. One day my Auntie Rose came home and saw that he didn't feel well. They decided that he could not be by himself and to put him into a nursing home in the area. I wrote him letters everyday. The women in the home liked him and tried to sneak into his room. This made him angry. We went to visit him one Sunday, My mother thought that he wasn t to attentive and said that I should understand that I should stop writing him letters. He heard, turned to me and told me that he hadn't received a letter for a few days. He died a few days before Pesach; about 4 months after my Grandmother.

The Herschman Family

My parents were always Religious Zionists. My Father was a true Zionist and lover of the land and State of Israel.[320] My Mother wanted my first memory to be the UN vote about the State of Israel.[321] She influenced one of my friends very much, and my friend remembers this up to today.[322] My Mother tried to hide these facts of what she was inside her home, and keep her religion and Zionism, behind the closed door of the house. I could not understand that if this was the way to be, why it had to be sort of a secret. I can think of one situation where she was perhaps correct.

I was in seventh grade in PS 167. There was a parents-teachers meeting one afternoon and school was closed for the pupils. My Mother went to speak to my teacher. I anxiously awaited her return; being sure that she would return and say the usual: that the teacher was very happy with me. She returned and was angry. The teacher had asked her what kind of an upbringing I was receiving at home. He was referring to the fact that when he asked me what I wanted to do with my life, I had told him that I planned to live in Israel. He said that I was not a proper American girl and had no respect for what the wonderful country I lived in. I now think that both the teacher and my Mother were right; but I would be in such a situation again, I would do so again!

A while later My Mother remarked to me that my interest in Zionism[323], was such that I studied it as if it was a subject in a university course. Now Zionism is a University course. When I studied in the Ashkelon branch of Bar Ilan University[324] and in the Israeli Open University[325], for my BA, among the course that I took were courses on the history of Zionism.[326]

We lived in a small apartment. The house was full of books. Before my parents came on Aliyah, there were about 6000 books.

We were economically considered lower middle class and as far as income charts went, we were considered on the highest level of the lowest class. My parents tried to hide this fact; but we all knew it and lived accordingly. I never remember buying anything without looking at the price tag first. When I was young, I wanted to go to sleep-over camp. My Uncle Norman gave my Mother enough money to pay for about half of it.

MY Father worked for the OPA[327] during and after the WAR. He then started his own import-export business; but this could be considered more of a hobby than a livelihood. Therefore he also worked in the Lubavitch[328] high school as the English secretary. He regarded this as a job and not an affiliation. When our Sterling Place apartment house began to have Negro tenants, my parents decided that it was time to move. They were not against living in the vicinity of Negroes; but were afraid of who might linger in the vicinity of the house. They were lucky enough to find an apartment that they could afford in the same neighborhood[329]. The men that worked with my father in the Lubavitch office helped with the moving. My Mother remarked that it was obvious that they were his and our best friends. My Mother spoke often about getting a job; but always, after a calculation decided that she would not be earning that much, in the long run.[330]

My parents gave charity. At one time, my Mother was annoyed, for she claimed she was saving as much as she could to give charity. This caused her to but cheaper food. Then she saw people who she knew were receiving charity, buying better products.

My parents were very moral people. Yet, now thinking about this, there is 1 fact that may not be considered too moral. This is that they felt themselves superior to certain groups of people, particularly groups of Jews who came from particular places such as Galicia, Poland, Hungary and Romania. When they became friendly with people from these places they stated that their friends were exceptions. They liked oriental Jews[331],[332] when they were in America and afterwards, when they lived in Israel. I can, more or less, understand the basis for my Father's way of reasoning, since he came from the family of the Vilna Gaon. His complaints were on an intellectual basis. The only way that I can understand my Mother feeling this way is based on something that I once learned about English Jewry. This is that the Jews who already lived in England felt themselves superior to the newcomers and didn't have a nice attitude toward them.[333]

I remember my Father enquiring about prices of Jewish Day Schools, even before I entered first grade. They were out of my parents' economic budgets I was sent to the schools that we could afford. I received a scholarship/ reduction for them. I attended both Public school and Hebrew School, and then I attended Erasmus High School and Marshalliah Hebrew High School. I was religious and very Zionistic. This already put me in a special category. I was very happy when my Father explained to his good friend Mr. Harelick about me not fitting into the American youth culture and Mr. Harelick culture suggested that I go to Bnei Akiva[334].

One Friday night-Erev Shabbat, there was a big celebration-Simcha for ALL of the Jewish women in the neighborhood. There was a special guest and he was going to speak in the Chovevei Torah Synagogue[335]. He was Menachem Begin[336]. The Synagogue must have been full. For there was no getting into it, or even near it. The street was full of women. When he walked by the Ultra Orthodox women were kissing his coat, as if he was more than a holy man. My Mother and I were part of the crowd that demonstrated that this great welcoming for him. This also proved that all the Jews can be united.

Now as a Mother I understand my parents feeling when I was adamant about coming to Israel after graduating from High School. Yet they had taught me that Zionism was supreme.

I participated in Bnei Akiva Hachshara in 1962 and came on Aliyah in 1964. Then my parents realized that only Israel was the place where I could be.

My parents came[337] on Aliyah in January 1965. At first they lived in the Academic Hostel in Ashkelon[338]. This was hard physically for them in a 1 room apartment, which all their belongings[339]. They found a nice Synagogue in the Afridor neighborhood of Ashkelon. My father could not find work in the Ashkelon area. My Mother used to enjoy watching everyone go to the games on Shabbat afternoon. Yet it bothered her that this took place on Shabbat.

They moved Ramat HaNasi, a new neighborhood in Bat Yam[340]. When they first went to see the apartment my Father remarked that the area was so sandy, he had to rollup his trousers, as the sand got in to the cuffs of his trousers. The area developed quite nicely. My father found work in Dunn and Bradd Street[341] firm branch in Tel Aviv. My Mother helped him with the typing of his reports. They found a nice cultural life in Tel Aviv.

They enjoyed their Granddaughters very much. They were not too happy about us living on a Kibbutz for ideological reasons; but as far as our daily life was concerned were pleased. They enjoyed visiting us; however my Mother always was shy of the kibbutz members. She once said that she did not feel herself good enough to be in their company. They enjoyed when they had guests (family or friends from America).

My Father started not to feel too well; and my Mother was against calling the doctor or going to the doctor. At first she said that it was almost Purim and it would be a shame to bother a doctor at this time of year. Ayelet was then in high school and had a few hours of volunteer work every week. She spent them visiting her grandparents. A few months later my Mother understood that they must call the doctor. She asked that I come to be there when the doctor came. The doctor came and said he had to be taken to Wolfson Hospital[342]. My mother did not want to go with him in the ambulance. He went though various tests and had to stay in the hospital. The tests didn't show anything seriously wrong with him; but one doctor said to me "your Father is a very sick man". He went home and a short while later had to return again to the hospital. He returned home and felt he was feeling a bit better. I was there on a Thursday night and he asked me to bring him delicatessen[343] the next time I would come. On the following Shabbat the telephone rang. Doria asked me why I was answering it on Shabbat. My mother said that my Father was in a bad way[344] and they were going to the hospital and that we should come. She went with him in the ambulance. We got there and he was already gone. Yes, he had a hard end to his life.

My Mother was very brave and was able to continue her live in their apartment. She came to us quite often for Shabbat. She attended lectures in Tel Aviv.

About 3 years later she started to feel bad. She diagnosed herself, as having breast cancer. She agreed that I call the doctor. The doctor said her diagnosis was correct. The doctor wanted her to go for an operation. She did not want to. She claimed that doctors experimented on old people. She came to live with us. The situation deteriorated slowly. The Kibbutz nurse (Adina Baruchi), was very good to her/us came to give her an injection every evening. She liked having members of the family around and enjoyed if they would help her if she needed it. She did not like if other people came to visit. The only member of the kibbutz whose visits she enjoyed was Yehuda Neuman[345]. He understood this and tried to come about once a week. She had intellectual conversations with him. Once she asked him why the snake is the symbol for Israeli medicine[346].

The sickness reached such a stage that she fond it hard to take physical care pf herself. We were not always around to help her. Therefore she was entitled to help from Israeli social security. She had a women come to help her a few hours a week. Mordechai and our daughters helped as much as possible. Koby also helped. She got along very well with this woman, who was a Persian Jew. The situation continued to deteriorate. She died in our house on the last day of Chanuka. Yes, she had a hard end to her life.

Conclusion

After finishing this article, I knew that I had to write a "Conclusion". I then had a problem, for I did not know what to write. I felt that I had said everything in the "Introduction" and in the contents of the article. Then I realized what my problem was: How could I write a "Conclusion" about my Family.

Therefore I understand what I want to say is that I hope that

1. We will always continue to be a family; regardless of how physically close we are to each other.
2. We will continue to grow, in number and in spirit. Jackie has become a Grandfather, in the time that I was writing this article
3. We will always value and respect our past as a Jewish family and hope and pray to continue as such.

I thank all of you, who have helped me, by sending me valuable information for this article, and hope that the connection between us, which this article has caused, will continue.

I hope that you all enjoyed reading this article; for I know how much I enjoyed writing it.

— ESTHER

Appendices

Appendix-1
Louis Golding s Writings [347]

Poetry

Sorrow of War, 1919

Oxford Poetry, with others, 1921

Shepherd Singing Ragtime and Other Poems, 1921

Prophet and Fool: A Collection of Poems, 1923

Travel Narratives

Sunward, 1924

Sicilian Noon, 1925

Those Ancient Lands: Being a Journey to Palestine, 1928

In the Steps of Moses the Lawgiver, 1937

In the Steps of Moses the Conqueror, 1938

Louis Golding Goes Travelling, 1945

Goodbye to Ithaca, 1955

Other

A Letter to Adolf Hitler, 1932

James Joyce, 1933

Terrace in Capri: An Imaginary Conversation with Norman Douglas, 1934

The Song of Songs (Newly Interpreted and Rendered as a Masque), 1937

The Jewish Problem, 1938

Hitler through the Ages, 1939

The World I Know, 1940

Editor, with Andr Simon, We Shall Eat and Drink Again: A Wine and Food Anthology, 1944

Epilogue in The Future of the Jews: A Symposium, 1945

Memories of Old Park Row, 1887 1897, 1946

Editor, Boxing Tales: A Collection of Thrilling Stories of the Ring, 1948

My Sporting Days and Nights, 1948

Appendix- 2
Jack Golding (Z L)

A. Certificates:

1)"UK, Soldiers Died in the Great War 1914-1920"[348]

Jack Golding

2) British Army WWI Medal Rolls Index Cards 1914-1920[349]  

3) Medical Card[350]

4. Casualty Details[351]

Casualty Details

B. In Flanders Fields [353]
by John McCrae
May 1915

In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields