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Home History Families Holocaust Pictures Resources |
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Jews may
have settled in Szobrancz as early as the late 17th century. The first
reference to Jewish residents appears in the May 15, 1739 Jewish Conscription
of Ung County, which recorded only one Jewish family. The head of that
household was Marko Joseffovics (Marko the son of Josef), a distiller of
whisky (palinka, slivovitz or vodka). By July 1746 there were two Jewish
families-- Marko Joseffovics and Hersko Abrahamovics (Hersko the son of
Abraham). By 1828
Szobrancz had 106 Jewish residents. The 1828 Land Census does not list most
of their surnames but many of the families can probably be identified from
the given names: |
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Mordko |
Iczko |
Mosko |
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Hersko |
Berko |
Benyo |
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Hartman |
Major |
Iscik |
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Moscovik |
Szabo |
HAUSER |
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In 1848,
many of the same families were still residing in Szobrancz along with some
new ones who had moved from nearby communities such as Vajnatina, Felso
Rybnicse, and Ublya and from Homonna in Zemplen megye. But there are also household heads
born in Lengyel (the Hungarian name for Poland) including Isak Moskovics, 35,
and Mozes Moskovics, 48, who may have been brothers: |
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Balogh |
KLEIN |
Friedman |
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Braun |
Lejboviss |
Smulyovits |
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JakuBovits |
Reider |
Leibman |
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Prezno |
SCHWARZ |
Kasztenbaum |
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Moskovics |
CZEIGER |
veinstein |
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Henger |
KRONOVICS |
Chaimoviss |
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GRUNWALD |
MARKOVISS |
VINKLER |
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A few new Jewish families, including the one headed
by my great-grandfather Miksa Neuman, who was born in Szeretva in the Kaposi
district to the south, appear in the 1869 records. |
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VIDDER
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BRAUN |
MarKOVISS |
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Ehrenreich |
ROZENBLUTH |
NEUMAN |
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Berkovitz |
SMULYOVITS |
KASZTENBAUM |
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By the
end of the 19th century about half of the large leaseholders in the Szobrancz
district were Jews including Aron Herskovics, Samuel Jozepovits, Mosko
Grunvald, Hermann Propper, Jozef Moskovits, Jakab Rosenbluth, Lipot
Rosenbluth, Abraham Roth, Salamon Herskovics, Fulop Akkermann, Henrik Weisz,
Mihaly Guttman, Jakab Juszkovits, Izsak Lipkovits, Ignacz Vider, Mihaly
Vidder, Bernat Schwarcz, Emanuel Schwarcz and my great-grandfathers Miksa
Neumann and Markus Moskovits. Nevertheless,
during the same period, many families began leaving Szobrancz. Some moved to Ungvar and Nagymihaly,
larger cities that provided greater opportunity to earn an income, but many
left for the United States and Canada. Hamburg
and Bremen passenger manifests from the last two decades of the 19th
century and well into the next list many Szobrancz families including
Epstein, Feldmann, Adler, Lein, Altmann, Blum, Burger, Ecker, Ehrenreich,
Friedmann, Glancz, Gutmann, Jacobovitz, Jager, Klein Landsmann, Lebovits,
Lefkovits, Moskovits, Rosenberg, Rosenblut, Weinberger, Weissman, and Zucker. Fathers often
left first with wives and children following a year or more later after papa
sent back enough money to pay for passage. Unmarried young men and women also
emigrated. Many, who gave their occupation as tailor, went to work in the
sweatshops of Manhattan. Although most of the immigrants from Szobrancz
settled in New York City, others went to McKeesport and Cleveland, which had
substantial Hungarian Jewish communities. Some
families, especially those with businesses and professions, chose to remain
in Szobrancz. By April 22, 1944,
most of the men had been conscripted into the Hungarian Labor Battalion. Those who remained were transported
to a ghetto created in an Ungvar brickyard. Less than a month later, they were deported to Auschwitz. After the
liberation about 200 Jewish survivors of the camps and the labor brigades,
some of them from near-by settlements, returned to Sobrance. In 1949 most of
the Jews of Sobrance emigrated to Israel. After emigration ceased in 1950,
only 65 Jews were left in the town and kept the community going until the
60's. Today there are no Jews living in Sobrance. |
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