1. My Vitebsk: http://www.jewishgen.org/belarus/newsletter/MyVitebsk.htm, Pictures of The Vitebsk That Was: http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Vitsyebsk/Pictures/MyVitebsk_2.html A list of my of the articles can be obtained by contacting me or by typing my name into google search.

2. YIVO was founded in Berlin in August 1925, by Jewish scholars and social scientists. Its’ goals were:
1. Jewish participation in scholarly research in their own language.
2. The results of words scholarship be made available in Yiddish
Vilna was selected as the center. (EJ, V. 16). It was founded there by members of the BUND. (DL)

3. Professor Dov Levin (DL) is from the Institute of Contemporary Jewry of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Further information about him can be obtained at : www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/dovlevin/levinbib.html

5. DL

6. The Lithuanian BUND organized and joined in 1900. BS, p. 2.

7. Rivka Yaffe remembers what her Father, Shmuel Barb, told about the BUND. She told me about her Father. He was a religious Jew who came from a very religious family. It is possible that he did not always show that he was a religious Jew. He was very active in BUND activities. Many times his Father had to pay in order to keep him out of prison. He summed everything up very nicely saying: “Zionism was very nice but we had to eat”. He lived through the Holocaust. Soon a book about his life is going to be published. Mr. Barb and family went to Australia after WWII. Later on they came on Aliyah to Israel and he died here. RY

8. This was a movement that aimed to base itself upon the Jewish proletariat, whose ideology consisted of a combination of Zionism and socialism. EJ, V.13, pps. 656-664.

9. DL

10. DL

11. DL

12. This was a Zionist movement with the aim of the establishment of a Jewish state, with a Jewish, majority, in the entire territory of Palestine (on both sides of the Jordan River). EJ, V.14, pps. 128-132

13. I thank all of my friends, members of Kibbutz Ein-Zurim and others, who gave of their time and patience to help with the translation of these documents. They all remarked that these documents were written in very rich language.

14. I thank the Russian students on the Ofek program (2009) on Kibbutz Ein-Zurim; Svetlana Velechko (a participant in the program) and Michel Vatzman (one of the group leaders), for their time, patience and summaries.

15. http://sites.huji.ac.il/archives

16. DL

17. Russian Document 15; Yiddish Documents 7, 16

18. Yiddish Documents 6a, 7

19. Russian Document 34

20. Yiddish Document 6a, 7, 9

21. Russian Document 5

22. Yiddish Document 9

23. Russian Document 51

24. Russian Document 5

25. Russian Documents18; Yiddish Documents 1, 7

26. Seventy people were arrested at a meeting, where the topic was “The King”. Russian Document 60

27. Yiddish Document 2

28. Russian Document 19, 21 ; Yiddish Document 7

29. There are very influential expressions used in the final paragraphs and signatures. This is particularly felt in Yiddish Document 13

30. Russian Documents 14, 22, 49 ; Yiddish Document 6a, 13, 15, 22, 40

31. Yiddish Document 19

32. Russian Documents 14, 26; Yiddish Documents 7, 15, 19

33. Russian Document 36

34. Russian Document 37

35. Russian Document 5

36. Russian Document 4, Yiddish Document 10

37. Yiddish Document 10

38. Russian Document 16 ; Yiddish Document 13

39. Russian Document 7, Yiddish Documents 1, 7, 16

40. Russian Document 15

41. Russian Document 41

42. Russian Document 48

43. Yiddish Document 16

44. Yiddish Document 14

45. Russian Document 40

46. Russian Document 48

47. Russian Document 52

48. Russian Document 49 ; Yiddish Document 13

49. Russian Documents 1, 3, 12, 35

50. Russian Documents 5, 11, 12

51. Russian Document 18

52. Russian Document 61; Leon Goldman, who was guilty of printing the newspaper “Nitzuz” (The Spark, “Iskora” in Russian), stated the goal of the Social-Democratic Party. Russian Document 42

53. Russian Document 2

54. Russian Document 49

55. Yiddish Document 6a

56. Russian Documents 38, 39

57. Some were typed and some were written by hand, in a very nice handwriting.

58. Russian Document 14

59. Yiddish Document 7

60. Yiddish Documents 6, 13

61. Yiddish Documents 6, 12

62. Russian Document 33

63. There are very influential expressions used in the final paragraphs and signatures. This is particularly felt in Yiddish Document 13

64. Russian Documents 15, 46, 56

65. Russian Document 46;Yiddish Document 19,

66. Russian Document 37 ; Yiddish Documents 6, 7, 12

67. Russian Document 7

68. Russian Document 33

69. Yiddish Documents 6a, 12

70. Yiddish Document 8

71. These factors also represent Vitebsk. Yiddish Document 17; Russian Document 22

72. What seems to be an earlier request states 12 hours. Russian Document 57. What seems to be a later request states nine hours. Russian Document 22

73. Russian Documents 13, 14

74. Russian Document 57

75. Russian Document 24

76. Russian Document 22

77. Russian Document 23

78. Russian Document 25

79. Russian Document 29, 30

80. Russian Documents 27, 28

81. Yiddish Document 17

82. He was nicknamed “the black devil”. Yiddish Document 3

83. The local police used handcuffs.

84. Yiddish Documents 1b, 2, 3, 12

85. This seems to be something not accepted by the BUND.

86. Russian Document 8, Yiddish Document 1b

87. Russian Document 9

88. Russian document 10

89. Russian Documents 13, 14; Yiddish document 8

90. Russian Document 44

91. Russian Document 43

92. Russian Document 44

93.. Russian Documents 6, 37

94. Russian Document 58

95. The “Red Cross” had a large debt because of these activities. Russian Documents 6 ,7, 16.

96. Russian Document 53

97. Russian Document 54

98. Russian Documents 46, 47 (without title)

99. Many people were arrested when they took part in such demonstrations. Russian Document 59

100. Russian Document 57 This included the right to take part in demonstrations. Russian Document 59

101. Russian Documents 14, 31; Yiddish Documents 6a, 7, 9, 13

102. Russian Document 59

103. Yiddish document 14

104 Russian Document 2; There was a spy by the name of Isaacson; Russian Document 14. His nickname was “Yaákov”. He had been discharged from the army
in Vitebsk. Yiddish Documents 5, 14,

105. Russian Document 14

106. Russian Document 14, Yiddish Document 8

107. Yiddish Document 7

108. Russian Document 55

109. Russian Document 55

110. Russian Document 3

111. Yiddish Document 16 ;Russian Documents 3, 5, 32

112. Russian Document 56

113. Russian Document 31

114. Russian Documents 38, 39

115. Russian Document 14

116. Yiddish Document 1

117. Russian Document 20: June 15, 1905-October 15, 1905; Russian Document 19: from October 15, 1905-November 28, 1905

118. The amount still needed, and the amount each person was asked to contribute; the original sum was 110 rubles, 65 rubles had already been collected and another 45 rubles were needed. Yiddish Document 1

119. See History of the BUND