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- Ukraine, Political Map,see Tarutyne near the border with Moldova
- Odessa oblast of Ukraine. see Tarutino and close by villages at the expended map
- Tarutino at the Google Map
- Tarutino at JewishGen.org / Jewish Community database
Jewish Communities nearby:
Lambrivka(10 miles NE);Basarabesca (Romanovka), Moldova (13 miles NW);
Artsyz(20 miles SE);
Lisne (Manzyr)(21 miles NNE);
Ceadir-Lunga, Moldova)(22 miles SW);
Cimislia (Chimishliya), Moldova(28 miles NW);
Causeni (Kaushany), Moldova(40 miles NE);
Bendery, Moldova(54 miles NE);
Akkerman (Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy(72 miles E);
Historical Maps
- Pale of Settlement (1835-1917).
- Military Topographical Russian map (F.F. Shubert), 1846-1863.
- German map of the south of Bessarabia, 1930(espand the map at 1/3 from the left and 1/4 from the top).
- Federation of East European Family History Societies (FEEFHS) historical map of southeast provinces of Russian Empire (Ukraine), 1882.
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Town Map
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Map of Tarutino, 1940, written in German, it includes the houses with the surnames of german population of Tarutino. It also includes 3 synagogues, Jewish school right in the center of the town, and Jewish Cemetery (Friedhot 19) (click on the map to expand). |
Geography and History
General
The village Tarutino was founded in 1814. A few other settlements were founded at the same time (Borodino, Berezino, etc.). They were named after places where there were great battles between the Tsar's army and Napoleon. Tarutino was settled first by 98 families or 487 people of German colonists from Swabia and Württemberg who formed the majority of the population until the Jews arrived. The Germans contributed to the growth of the area. They built factories, mills and schools. The Jews were greatly influenced by the Germans and had good relations with them.
History of Jews in Tarutino
The Jews were not permitted to settle in Tarutino by the 1839 law prohibiting Jews from settling in border regions and by "May Law" of 1882 forbidding Jews to reside in rural areas. But despite that Jews settled in Tarutino in 1832. Most of them came from Podolia, other parts of Ukraine. Tarutino became the largest Jewish settlement in southern Bessarabia after Cetatea-Alba (Akkerman). Occasionally Jews were expelled on the grounds that they were living there illegally.
Jewish Population of Tarutino: (taken from Tarutino Yizkor book )
| Year | Number | % of Jews in total population |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 1,837 | 36 |
| 1914 | 1,600 | 32 |
| 1930 | 1,546 | 26.6 |
At the beginning of 20 century Tarutino spread to both sides of the Anchiokrak River. There were 2-3 stone bridges and 20 wooden bridges connecting the two sections. The Jews lived mainly in the center of town, there they had several synagogues and a Jewish School. See below at the map:
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This is a part of the village Map of 1930. The whole map please find above. You can see 3 synagogues on the map and the Jewish School. According to Yizkor Book there were total of 4 synagogues in Tarutino: Mittel Shul, Zalohasa Shul, Polish Shul and Tailors Shul. |
The Jewish cemetery existed since 1895 and was used for burial by Jews from surrounding communities. See Friedhot 19 at the Town map. Students attended a Heder and a Talmud Torah. Rabbi Bronstein organized a school with 30 students. They were taught in Yiddish. In 1910 a private school was founded with several teachers. Teaching was conducted in Yiddish, Russian and Hebrew. The school stopped functioning in 1915/16. The children were then sent to other towns. There was also a library. Read more about Education, Zionist Activies and more at the Tarutino Yizkor Book.
Most of the Jews were engaged in business. In 1925 the 285 members of the local loan fund included 17 farmers, 57 artisans, and 172 tradesmen.
Tarutino during the Holocaust
From 1939, the situation of the Jews deteriorated under the antisemitic rule of Goga-Cuza' Fascist Party. In 1941, after Soviets left, the returing Rumanian forces attacked the Jews and plundered their property, following which they rounded them up and machinegunned them, killing all. They were all buried in a large pit near the road (Yizkor Book). According to another source:"Holocaust on the territory of USSR, Encyclopedia" Tarutino was occupied by Rumanian army in July of 1941, and at the end of July gendarmes killed in town 40 Jews. On 7th of August 1941 in Tarution was created a camp where gathered all remaing Jews and also Jews from surrounding area, total of 1,200. Ghetto was under jrisdiction of Akkerman. On October 10, 1941 inspector of gendarmerie orderd to establish a temporary ghetto with Jews from Kagul, Ismail, Bolgrad, Kiliya and Vilkovo. all together were 2270 Jews, who on October 25 and 27th were transported to Transnistria.Jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in Ukraine, United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad, 2005. That article is for places in Ukraine, and it includes Tarutino.
“Holocaust: FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, November 2004.
History and Voices of the Tragedy in Romania and Transnistria. The Nizkor Project.
Memoirs and Family Stories
- Bella Schwartzman and her family from Tarutino written by Bella Schwartzman's son, Henry Zanberg
- Three Generations Benderer of an Jewish Family, written by Leon (Yehudah-Leib) Gurfel (Garfield), NY, 1970, translated from Yiddish by Darren King
- The Chanin Taylor Shop in Onchekrock (Tarituno). It is based on the book by Harry Chanin "From Generation to Generation...", Caislan Press, San Jose, CA, 1984. Article written by Dorothy Chanin
- Story from Oral Family history. It is a story from oral family history written by Gary Goldberg
- Naturalization papers for Samuel and Klara Sirota. Information provided by David Kornbluh
- My mother was born in Tarutino. Story about Spivak and Khaimovich families, and many others with connections to Tarutino. Story written by Yefim Kogan.
Please send me any comments about or corrections to these memoirs, and also please send me new stories.
Vital Records for Tarutino Jews
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There are no birth, death or marriage records for Tarutino found yet. It is possible that we will find Tarutino records in uezd (district) records for Akkerman uezd.
- Vsya Russia Business Directory, 1895. 16 businesses
- Klyachkin Business Directory, 1901. 23 businesses
- Bessarabia Business Directory, 1924. 168 businesses
A number of Jews from Tarutino can be found in 3 Business directories we have so far:
Jewish Soldiers from Tarutino who was killed or wonded in WWI
Bessarabia Duma Voters List, 1906-1907
I would strongly recomend to search periodically Romania/Bessarabia/Moldova Database and in column Date Type choose "Any field" and put "Tarutino" to search. You also may try different spelling of the town name.
Jewish Cemetery in Tarutino
Jewish Cemetery was photographed and indexed in 2007, sponsored and donated by Alex Volkov. 109 photos and records were submitted to JewishGen and available. Here is cemetery information from JOWBR
Also see information with several photos about the cemetery at Lo Tishkach, European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative.
To the right you see a place of the cemetery at the town map (Friedhot 19). The whole town map see above. Foolowing are photos from the cemetery provided by Alex Volkov.
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People from Tarutino
- Moshe Yechezkel Kritzman, a descendant of Ba’al Hashach(Rabbi Shabtai Hacohen), Jewish scholar of 19c, lived in Tarutino.Information provided by Ala Gamulka, a distant relative of M. Kritzman.
Photo Gallery
| Tarutino village, 1920-30 | |
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| Market in 1940 | Market in 2016 |
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| German Gymnasium in 1940 | Gymnasium in 2016, same building |
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| War memorial | Spring - the beginning of river Anciokrak |
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Residence of a village Serpneve (former German Colony of Leiptzig congratulate with 200 anniversary, and wish prosperity to the region.
Professor Nataniel Riss and Head of German Cltural Society "Bessarabian House" Svetlana Kruk |
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| Welcomed by village residence. | ||
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Dr. Edwin Kelm, Chairman of Bessarabian German society among guests (in the middle) |
| Mayor of Tarutino, playing accordeon in his disco | Tarutino wine: Cabernet (probably produced in the region. | |
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Bibliography
- Germans from Russia. Connection German-Russia Researchers Around the World. Bessarabia, Tarutino. www.grhs.org/villages/bessarabia/tarutino_bess.html
- Jewish Virtual Library. Tarutino www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0019_0_19619.html
- Tarutino Yizkor Book from Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities in Romania, Volume 2. www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/pinkas_romania/rom2_00357.html
- The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, 2001, NY University Press, Tarutino section.
- Weiner, Miriam. Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova. Past from the past and archival inventories. Yivo Institute of Jewish research, www.yivo.org and The Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation, Inc. www.rtrfoundation.org
- C.M.Dubnov. Newest History of Jews, In 3 volumes, Moscow, reprint, 2002
- I. Rubin (ed.), Dubossary (Heb., and Yid., 1965); Dubnow, Hist Russ, 3 (1920), 70–1. Add. Bibliography: PK. [Yehuda Slutsky / Shmuel Spector (2nd ed.)]
- Magocsi, P. R. and Matthews, G. J. Historical atlas of East Central Europe, 1993,University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Searchable Databases
- JewishGen Family Finder (for Tarutino)
Would you like to connect with others researching Tarutino? Click the button to search the JewishGen Family Finder database.
- Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Pages of Testimonies for victims born or lived in Tarutino
Other Tarutino Links/Sources of information
- “Tarutino” Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities in Romania, Volume 2 (Tarutyne, Ukraine) http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/pinkas_romania/rom2_00357.html
- From Jewish Encyclopedia Broghauz-Efron
- Jewish Virtual Library/Tarutino: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0019_0_19619.html
- Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database: https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/source_view.php?SourceId=33421
- Jewish Encyclopedia / JEWISH COLONIZATION ASSOCIATION: http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8633-jewish-colonization-association
- Germans from Russian Heritage Collection: https://library.ndsu.edu/grhc/order/general/extended_deutsch.html
- Bessarabia. Homeland of a German minority: http://www.bessarabia.it/eng/index_en.html
- Das Deutschtum in Rumänien (Teil 4): http://www.wintersonnenwende.com/scriptorium/deutsch/archiv/deutschtuminnot/dn35.html
- Bessarabiendeutscher Verein e.V. Tarutinohttp://www.bessarabien.de/adressen/tarutino__175.php
I would like to thank all people who participated in the Tarutino WebSite project.
Please send comments, corrections, and suggestions for additions to Yefim Kogan at yefimk@verizon.net.
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Created April, 2016 Copyright © 2016 Yefim A Kogan |
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