the g at the end stands for gatve (street)
 
Vyskupo Antano Baranausko g = Bishop Antanas Baranauskas' street (a 
   Lithuanian poet) (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=13424)
Kauno G = Kaunas' (Kovno) street 
Baznycios g = Church street
Vilniaus g = Vilnius (Vilna) street 
Gardino g = Gardinas (Grodno) street (a town in Bielorusia)
Sadauskos g = Sadauskas' street (I found a bunch of Sadauskas' in 
   the net, it is a Lithuanian name)
Pakluoniu g= ??
Pravieneskiu g = ??
Panadeju g = ???
The last three I am not sure, the names end in u, seems to be plural 
may refer to a group, family or profession? I have spent about an 
hour looking in the internet for these names, have found zilch.
 
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So the Jewish center (shul etc.) was on the corner of Grodno St. and 
a street named for a bishop!

Pravieniskiu g. does eventually get to Pravieniskis.  Pravieniskis 
is a larger town, further north, on the Kaunas-Vilna railroad.  On 
the 1915 map, it is the closest railroad station to Rumisiskes.  It 
is also shown on the modern highway map.  On the modern map, it comes 
in 2 parts:  Pravieniskis I, smaller, on the railroad, and 
Pravieniskis II, larger, a little north of the railroad.

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OK, that explains the Pravieniskiu street, it is the street going to 
the town of Pravieniskis, the other two streets may also make 
reference to local towns or geographic areas.
 
Yes, the location of the Jewish center is interesting. As you say, it
gives a feel for the town at the time. Bishop Antanas Baranauskas was 
a poet, apparently very much appreciated for his poetry at that time. 
(I found a short article about him in Encyclopedia Britannica). Also, 
if you look at the location of the Rabbi's house (102) is almost 
straight across the plaza from a building that I assume is the church 
(183 on Church street). I would like to think that at the time the town 
was integrated and the Jewish community was comfortable enough to have 
their center on a street named after a bishop and the Rabbi lived two 
houses away from the Catholic church, probably next door to the 
Catholic priest.