Krosno Province existed from 1945 to 1999; today the area is in Podkarpackie Province.
In 1900 there was a census (Gemeindelexikon), which was published in 1907. It did not contain any surnames, but did contain the area of the town in hectars, the institutions (schools, churches, synagogues, railways, markets etc), and it contained the population, broken down by "Rom. Katholisch", "Griech.-Katholisch" and "Israelitisch". The full Gemeindelexikon can be viewed on microfilm at any Mormon Family History Center.
On the left below is a map of the area; those towns that have KehilaLinks sites are circled!
Note: In parenthesis we list the population in 1900 where there was significant jewish presence, as total population/jewish population. Also noted is the presence of a synagogue (syn).
Baligrod, Barycz, Besko, Biecz, Biezdziedza, Blizne, Bratkowka,
Brzozow, Bukowsko,
Chorkowka (5 miles West), Cieklin, Cisna, Czarna,
Debowiec (1900: 1423/53), Domaradz, Dukla
(1900:3213/2539,syn, hebrew school), Dwernik, Dydnia,
Glowienka, Golcowa, Grabownica Starzenska,
Haczow Wislokiem, Harklowa,
Iwonicz Zdroj (1900:2775/68),
Jacmierz, Jasienica Rosielna (1900: 2302/546 jews, syn; 1929:
2080), Jasionow, Jaslo (1900: 6571/1524, syn),
Jasliska, Jaszczew, Jedlicze(1900:560/125), Jurowce,
Klimkowka, Kobylany, Kolaczyce (1900: 1792/247), Komancza,
Kombornia, Kopytowa, Korczyna (1900:5422/1026,syn),
Krempna (1900:678/42), Kroscienko, Krosno
(1900:4410/961,syn),
Laczki Jagiellonskie, Lesko, Libusza, Lipinki Biecza, Lobozew,
Lubatowa, Lukowe, Leska, Lutowiska,
Malinowka, Miejsce Piastowe, Mrzyglod,
Niebieszczany, Nienaszow, Nowosielce Gniewosz, Nowotaniec, Nowy
Zmigrod (see zmigrod nowy), Nozdrzec,
Odrzechowa, Odrzykon, Olszanica, Olpiny (1900:2955/318, syn),
Osiek Jasielski (1900:982/257), Osobnica,
Polana, Polanczyk, Przysieki, Przysietnica,
Ropienka, Rowne Dukli, Roznowice, Rymanow Zdroj, Rzepedz,
Siedliska, Sanem, Skolyszyn, Stara Brzozowa, Strachocina, Szebnie,
Szlachecki,
Targowiska, Tarnawa Dolna, Tarnowiec, Trzesniow, Tylawa,Tyrawa,
Woloska, Uherce Mineralne, Ustrzyki Dolne,
Warzyce (1900:1198/40). Weglowka, Wesola Dynowa, Wetlina,
Wislok, Wielki (1900:965/52), Wojtkowa, Wolkowyja,
Wroblik,
Zagorz, Zaluz, Zarszyn,Zmigrod Nowy(1900:2289/1246,syn)
Zrecin
There are wonderful maps of the Area on the Lemko site. Click Here to see them Then click on your back arrow to return here.
We have many items from Brzozow, a small town near Krosno. The JewishGen Community page for the town, The Archives, the Cemetery, early property records and finally school records. And we have a family connection request.
The following documents are in the Polish Archives, as listed in rtrfoundation.org:
The BRZOZOW cemetery survey was completed in 1992 by the USCommissiion (#POCE000707). The following is adapted from their report.
In 1990 Dreiza and Natan Weiss from Israel establishyed a
monument on the site of the mass grave of August 1942. In 1994
they began building a fence around the cemetery area. The
uncovered pieces of gravestones were incorporated into the
monument in the form of the tablets of law.
The cemetery is located on ul. Ceglowska. The cemetery, used by
the Orthodox community, is located in a flat urban area. Although
isolated, there is a sign in Polish mentioning the Jews. It is
reached by turning directly off a public road and is open to all.
The size of the cemetery is 0.36 hectares. Fewer than 20
gravestones remain, 75% toppled or broken, none in their original
locations. They date from the 19th and 20th centuries and are of
finely smoothed and inscribed sandstone or concrete, with
inscriptions in Hebrew. There are also unmarked mass graves.
The present owner of the cemetery property, which currently has no
other use, is unknown. The adjacent properties are residential.
The cemetery was vandalized during WWII and occasionally since
then. It has not been maintained and rarely has private visitors.
Three of the remaining gravestones are lying flat on the ground,
subject to weather erosion and vegetation overgrowth. Security is
a moderate threat, while vandalism and pollution are slight
threats.
Russ Maurer posted the following on the galician discussion group in Frbruary of 2016:
The Przemysl branch of the Polish State Archives some time ago
started to scan and post cadastral maps, landowner records, and
other documents from its Geodetic (place-based) collection. I have
now indexed the 1851 property records for the town of Brzozow,
located about 15 miles east of Krosno. The records which were
indexed may be accessed at
http://www.skany.przemysl.ap.gov.pl/show.php?zesp=126&cd=0&ser=126&syg=3
These records include the names of residents who owned either
developed (built) parcels or cultivated parcels, or both, which is
significant because many Jews owned developed parcels but not
cultivated land. I have donated this index to Gesher Galicia for
inclusion in the All-Galicia Database. I am also happy to make the
spreadsheet available to any interested researcher without
restriction. These records include likely or possible Jewish
owners with the following surnames:
EICHENBERG, FASS, FRYDER, FURST, HEKENBERGER, KURCZ, MELLER,
RITTERSCHILD, WERNER, WILLNER, and ZWICK
In addition to the owner's name, I have indexed the scan#, which
makes it possible to jump directly to the correct document page
with the owner's details from the main page linked above. I have
also indexed the parcel numbers and the house number, which allows
correlation to a cadastral map. The Przemysl PSA has posted an
1851 map, which is in 6 panels. The map is complete and includes
both developed and cultivated parcel numbers as well as other
features of a well-developed town. The map may be accessed at
http://www.skany.przemysl.ap.gov.pl/show.php?zesp=126&cd=0&ser=0&syg=158M
Thank you Russ!!
In 2018 Suzan Wynne found a manuscript in the Mormon catalog for
Brzozow school records. The catalog reads:
Authors:State Archives. Przemysl (Przemysl) (Repository)
Format:Manuscript/Manuscript on Digital Images
Language:Polish
Publication:Salt Lake City, Utah : Digitized by the Genealogical
Society of Utah, 2014-2016
Suzan created the following spreadsheet from the records, adding
"Girls and boys attended school separately. I created an index in
Excel for Jewish students from 1927-1937. Most of the records
included date of birth, place of birth, and name of father. The
mother was usually listed in the girls' records as well as an
address, though I couldn't always understand the street name.If
you are interested in receiving the index, send me an email." Suzan Wynne
Surname | First Name | Birth Year | Birth Place | Father | Mother | address | Tuition Covered by: |
Adler | Osias | 1919 | Brozozow | Leon | |
|
|
Bajles | Josef | 1914 | Brzozow | |
|
|
Izaak Fenster |
Beiles | Leia | 1921 | |
Samuel | Ruchel | 372 Piastowa | |
Braff | Feiga | 1921 | Oswiecim | David | Cypora | Rynek | |
Bruche | Natan | 1915 | Wegry | Majer | |
|
|
Diamont | Nechuma | 1923 | |
Leib | Sara | 497 Schodowe | |
Diller | Meilach | 1919 | |
Chaim Leib | |
|
|
Einsinger | Izaak | 1920 | |
Pinchas | |
|
|
Einziger | Izaak | |
|
Pinkas | |
|
|
Feigenbaum | Josef | 1914 | |
Jakob | |
|
Jacob Fleischman |
Feit | Elias | 1911 | Blizne | Naftali | |
|
|
Feit | Leib | 1914 | |
Naftali | |
|
|
Friend | Sara | 1922 | |
Nuchim | Scheindel | 85 Mickiewiecza | |
Fuller | Alter Chaim | 1919 | |
Gedalia | |
|
|
Fuller | Alter Schaye | 1919 | |
Gedalia | |
|
|
Fuller | Israel | 1921 | |
Gedalia | |
|
|
Fuller | Izaak | 1921 | |
Gedalia | |
|
|
Honig | Chanan | 1912 | Felsztyn | |
|
|
Josef Laner |
Honig | Feige | 1914 | |
Lipa | Sure | 32 Rynek | |
Jarmusz | Sucher | |
|
Wolf | |
|
|
Kellerman | Leizor | 1916 | |
|
|
|
|
Kellerman | Sussman | |
|
|
|
|
|
Kellerman | Zygmunt | 1921 | |
David | |
|
|
Kerner | Izaak | 1908 | Brzozow | |
|
|
|
Kornfeld | Henoch | |
|
|
|
|
|
Kranzler | Moses | 1908 | Brzozow | |
|
|
|
Kuflik | Abraham | 1913 | Ustrzyki Dolne | |
|
|
Samuel Proper |
Kuflik | Moses | |
|
Osias | |
|
|
Kuflik | Moses | 1920 | |
Osias | Scheindel | |
|
Laner | Cyla | 1919 | |
Samuel | |
2 Kazimierz | |
Lerner | Fryda | 1915 | |
|
Chaje | |
|
Mann | Majer | 1919 | |
Naftali | |
|
|
Manner | Markus | |
|
|
|
|
|
Markus | Laner | 1911 | Brzozow | |
|
|
|
Pinkas | Frane | 1923 | |
Pinkas | Hane | 72 Rynwk | |
Reich | Leib | 1920 | |
Jacob | |
|
|
Reich | Leib | |
|
|
|
|
|
Roth | Chaim | |
|
|
|
|
|
Roth | Chaim | 1913 | |
Jacob Hersch | |
|
|
Roth | David | 1910 | Izdebki | |
|
|
Manes Weiss |
Roth | Henia | 1921 | |
Josef | Berta | |
|
Roth | Mendel | 1914 | Bukowsko | |
|
|
Izaak Fenster |
Rottenberg | Hersch | |
|
|
|
|
|
Scherz | Hersch | |
|
|
|
|
|
Scherz | Josef | |
|
|
|
|
|
Scherz | Leiser | |
|
|
|
|
|
Schnitzler | Roza | 1920 | |
Abraham | Sprinze | 46 Kazimierz | |
Schweber | Leib | 1909 | Brzozow | |
|
|
Majer Boriche |
Spindler | Herman | 1914 | Brzozow | |
|
|
|
Spindler | Mendel | |
|
Gerschon | |
|
|
Spring | Abraham | 1916 | |
Uscher | Sara | |
|
Trinczer | Matys | 1914 | Brzozow | Markus | |
|
Herman Rettig |
Trinczer | Samuel | 1912 | Brzozow | |
|
|
Josef Laner |
Trinczer | Samuel | |
|
|
|
|
|
Weinberger | Feivel | 1919 | |
Simche | Hene | |
|
Weinberger | Sabine | 1917 | |
Simche | Sara | |
|
Weiss | Necha | 1919 | Berl | Ester | Piastowa | |
|
Weiss | Necha | 1923 | Elo Hersh | Liba | 68 Zamki.. | |
|
Wendlinger | Herman | 1912 | Przysietnica | |
|
|
|
Wendlinger | Osias | |
|
Chaim | |
|
|
Wendlinger | Osias | 1920 | |
Chaim | Feiga | |
|
Werner | Ester Dwora | 1914 | |
Pinkas | Cywia | 491 Koscinski | |
Werner | Izaak | |
|
|
|
|
|
Werner | Salamon | 1912 | Brzozow | |
|
|
|
Wietschner | Perl | 1921 | |
Moses | Sara | 18 Rynek | |
I just went into the JewishGen Family Finder database for Brzozow. It looks like a lot of people haven't checked in for a while. I'm interested in the FISHEL, GROSSINGER, and GRUMET families that lived in Brzozow before 1910. Dov Rubin is the Grumet family historian and we have long been in communication but I'm particularly interested in a Grumet family from Humniska, a town near Brzozow. Dov and I haven't been able to place that family firmly on the tree.
The FISCHEL brothers had daughters and the name seems to have died out. The daughters married into the INTRATOR/KRISCH, DIAMAND, GRUEN, FERGIZER and WERNER families. I'm hoping that someone out there is willing and able to share information on those Brzozow families. Did they leave Europe before the Shoah? Did anyone survive? Is there current information about descendants?
I own the yizkor book but that hasn't been helpful in any of my quests. Please click on my name if you wish to email me. Suzan Wynne
Return to Krosno's Table of Contents
CHORKOWKA village, is located in Krosno County and... 5.6 miles from the city of Krosno. Chorkowka is 0.8 Miles long, including 4.47 miles of farm land. The village has 70 houses, 420 people, and is a part of Zrecin parish. It has a community with one grade school, (built of bricks), a money lending biuro - an institution founded by Ignacy Lukasiewicz - with funds up to 2000 Russian zloty. On the property of the local nobleman, Ignacy Lukasziewicz, there is a beautiful garden and palace built by the owner. A naphtha distillery founded by him in 1865 is one of the biggest in West Galicya and uses all unrefined substances from mines in Bobrka, Ropianka, and even Jasiel County. Chorkowka is located in the hill country on rye soil. The county high road connects Krosno with Zmigrod which has Macadem to Naphtha mines in Bobrce.
In 1876 Honorata Lukasiewicz from Warsaw founded a lace making school in Chorkowka. She brought a teacher from Poznan in 1875 and a big collection of point a l'aiguilles valenciennes entre deux and applied herself to the task of learning the art of lace making. After she had earned the secrets of the profession, she put herself in charge of the new school. Now the school and a small factory employ 12 girls and are tremendously successful. The type of laces they make is superior to Czech's Wirthschaftsspitzen and is much more practical than Valenciennes. There are some other lace making places in Wadowice County but their product cannot match the excellence of laces from Chorkowka Source Gag. Polska Nr.34, year 1880.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny translated by Michael Kurtin (This information was published between 1880 and 1902 and gives a view of this locality during that time frame).
Return to Krosno's Table of Contents
There are wonderful maps of the Area on the Lemko site.
Click
Here to see Domaradz today Then click on your back arrow
to return here.
In 2007 i met a lovely man named David Zwirn. He is a survivor who was born in Domaradz. He has kept in touch with many others, and has encouraged the posting of his stories and photographs.
Although it is 70 years since i spent some of my time in Domaradz, I cannot forget the good time I had there. I lived with my family in Korczyna. Every year for the passover holidays the whole family packed up and hired a horse and wagon with a man to take us to Domaradz. We could not wait to get there to see our grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins.
I remember the beautiful landscape, the rive, woods and hills surrounding the area. For us children is was a special exciting trip. The first thing when we arrived, we ran into the stable to see the cow and goat. Then we played in the back of the house on the wagons. This was a big thrill; I still remember the small of the stable, which seemed to me like a good perfume.
Our grandparents did not know what to do with us out of happiness. They were elated. They were poor people struggling for a living. They worked hard just to feed themselves. How can you forget this? They were very proud people.
What a horrible death. My grandfather was shot for protecting his children from separating from him. They were shot on the cemetery in Jasienice Rosielne and are buried there.Not only the Jews from Domaradz died there, also Jews from the surrounding villages. Over 1000 people were shot at that time. I was informed that the city has put up a marker plate on that spot.
My memory of the family is always in front of my eyes. In 1984 we visited Domaradz but I could not find any trace of the place they lived.
My grandfather was Schloime, and his brothers were Wolf and Mailech.
My parents were send to Aushwitz 1942; my two brothers, Samuel
19 years old, and Lazar 6 also perished there.
The Photo at the left is Samuel Zwirn at his
father's gravesite in Domaradz. The tombstone reads Milech
1853-1923, a man of knowledge and virtue. (editors note, Sept
2009: our local expert, Piotr, wrote that this was probably not
in Domaradz as " there was not a Jewish gravesite in Domaradz.
All Jews from Domaradz belonged to Jasienica 'kahal' and that's
where the Jews from the the surrounding villages were buried".
I was send to a labor camp. In 1943 our camp was liquidated and
we were sent to GROSSMASLOWIC. At this camp people were
regrouped and sent to diferent places to work.
I remember we were on roll call; we were lined up 4 deep and
several hundred feet long. In front of us stood a German
lagerfirer, a judeneltester and capo holding a whip. He had a
list in his hand, and was calling out names of the people to
make up groups to send to diferent camps. All of a sudden he
called Zwirn. I was on one end of the line We both started
runing toward the lagerfirer, as did another man, on the other
end of line. At that moment the capo yelled out pointing to me,
you pig, you go back. The capo made an atempt to reach me with
his whip; i ran back in line to avoid getting hit. I took a good
look at the man and recognized him immediately as my cousin. I
decided to try to find him. At that time there were proberbly
several thousand people in the camp. After a long search i found
him. I remember we huged each other. After a long convesatin we
parted and never met again. We were sent to different labor
camps.
Other parts of my family went to Morocco. A cousin told me
Morocco was not well guarded and they took a chance. From
Morocco under fire they boarded a ship to th U.S.
In the winter of 1944-1945, a cold and snowy winter, i was in
Waldenburg Concentation camp. I walked 5 miles to work and back
during that winter, with wooden shoes and no warm clothes; it
was a horror; I barely made it.
David Zwirn.
The village of Domaradz is situated 10 miles north east of Krosno, Galicia, Poland. The place is first mentioned in 1369 and in in 1384 it is handed over to the Bishop of Przemisyl. During the 15th century it was a pivotal place in the mountainous pass of Dukla. Czech and Hungarian goods passed here on the way to Poland and Russia and vice-versa. During the 19th century farmers primarily inhabited the place. Some of the latter worked at the local beer brewery.
Jews are first mentioned in 1808 and their number is given as 35 inhabitants. The national Polish census of 1921, established that 123 Jews lived in Domaradz and 3,386 non-Jews. Four Jewish families were farmers and the rest of the Jewish population was primarily involved in small business and peddling. Zionism reached this small Jewish community and in 1935, a youth section of the "Akiva" Zionist organization was established. The "General Zionist" party received 24 votes for its delegates to the Zionist Congress.
With German occupation of the area, the Jews in Domaradz
numbered about 94 people, and included: Awraham Zwirn and
family, Israel Hershko Zwirn, Hershko Zwirn, Leib Zwirn and
family, Chaim Pasner and family, Chaim Pasner, Mehr Szymon
Pasner and family , Lajb Pasner and family, and Mojzesz Pasner.
The Jews were immediately forced to work on roads and bridges.
The situation changed radically when Gestapo officials arrived
in July 1942 and within minutes rounded up the small Jewish
community. The old and sick were immediately shot. The rest were
taken to the nearby ghetto of Jasienica Rosielne and shared the
fate of that community. This ghetto was liquidated on September
11th, 1942 when most of the inhabitants were killed in the area.
A few young people were selected and sent to the railroad
station of Iwonicz and from there to the labor camp of Podgurze
near Krakow. Thus ended the history of Jews in Domaradz.
Editor's Note September 2009: Our local expert, Piotr, has
written: " According to the witnesses and official Polish
sources it took place at August 11, 1942. It's quite reliable,
as people remember it was wheat harvest time".
Bibliography:
Return to Krosno's Table of Contents
by William Leibner, Jerusalem, 2009
Return to Krosno's Table of Contents
Compiled by William Leibner, Jerusalem, 2009
Surname | First Name | Maiden | Birthyear | Birth Place | WWI Residence | Parents Or Spouse | Source,Disposition |
AXELRAD | Feige | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P; |
AXELROD | Bendet | 1886 | Korczyna | Krosno | Meshulem | P; Sh | |
AXELROD | Tzila | Freifeld | 1888 | Domaradz | Krosno | Leib, Rivka Sp: Bendit | P; Sh |
AXELROD | Shalom | |
1911 | |
Krosno | Bendit, Tzila | P; Sh |
AXELROD | Awraham | |
1922 | |
Krosno | Bendit, Tzila | ;survivor |
AXELROD | Yehuda | |
1924 | |
; Sh Krosno | Bendit, Tzila | P; Sh |
AXELROD | Levy | |
1930 | |
Krosno | Bendit, Tzila | P; Sh |
AXELROD | Berta | |
1932 | |
Krosno | Bendit, Tzila | Survivor |
BARUCH | Frida | |
|
Domaradz | Brzozow | |
Y; Sh |
BEIN | Moshe | |
|
Domaradz | Brzozow | |
Y; Sh |
BEIN | Chawa | |
1873 | Domaradz | Brzozow | |
Y; Sh |
BRENER | Israel | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
FEIT | |
|
|
|
Domaradz | |
P |
FERTIG | Blima | |
1892 | Domaradz | Brzozow | |
Y; Sh |
FREIFELD | Leib | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P |
FREIFELD | Rivka | Krantz | |
Domaradz | Domaradz | Sp: Leib | P |
FREIFELD | Abraham | |
1883 | Domaradz | Belgium | Leib, Rivka | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Regina | Hamel | 1886 | Rymow | Belgium | Sp: Regina | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Berta | |
1907 | Domaradz | Belgium | Abraham, Regina | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Renee | |
1931 | Domaradz | Belgium | Berta | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Silvan | |
1940 | Belgium | Belgium | Berta | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Benyamin | |
1910 | Domaradz | Domaradz | Abraham, Regina | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Yaakov | |
1890 | Domaradz | Korczyna | Leib, Rivka | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Hinda | |
|
|
Korczyna | Sp: Yaakov | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Lajbek | |
1923 | |
Korczyna | Yaakov, Hinda | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Rivka | Renia | 1928 | |
Korczyna | Yaakov, Hinda | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Shaul | |
1932 | |
Korczyna | Yaakov, Hinda | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Shmuel | |
1909 | Domaradz | Krosno | Bendit, Tzila | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Klara | Rosenberg | |
Dembica | |
Sp: Schmuel | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Arneka | |
1935 | |
Krosno | Schmuel, Klara | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Yehezkel | |
1892 | Domaradz | Krosno | Leib, Rivka | P; Sh |
FREIFELD | Rozia | Ziskind | |
Jaslo | Krosno | Sp: Yehezkal | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Marilka | |
1932 | |
Krosno | Yehezkel, Rozia | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Rivka | |
1934 | |
Krosno | Yehezkel, Rozia | YA; Sh |
FREIFELD | Shmuel | |
1896 | Domaradz | Holland | Leib, Rivka | P; survivor |
GOLDBERG | Szymon | |
1909 | Krakow | Domaradz | |
P; survivor |
HANDLER | Hene | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
HANDLER | Berl | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
MAN | Lea | |
1895 | Domaradz | Brzozow | |
Y; Sh |
PASSNER | Chaim | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | P; Sh | |
PASSNER | Meir Shimon | |
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh | |
PASSNER | Leib | |
Domaradz | Domaradz | P; Sh | ||
PASSNER | Mojszes | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
PASSNER | Tylie | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P |
RACHWAL Chaje | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P | |
RACHWAL Chaje | Reisel | |
|
Domaradz | |
P | |
RUBIN | |
|
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P ; Sh |
SHUF | Ester | |
|
Domaradz | Brzozow | |
Y; Sh |
SILBERMAN | Moses | |
|
Domaradz | |
P | |
WEISSMAN | |
|
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | P; Sh | |
ZWIRN | Wolf | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Mailech | |
1853 | Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | David | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Samuel | |
1923 | Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Lazar | |
1936 | Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Awraham | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Israel Hershko | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | P; Sh | |
ZWIRN | Leib | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Leib | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Schija | |
|
|
Domaradz | |
P |
ZWIRN | Shlomo | |
|
Domaradz | Domaradz | |
P; Sh |
ZWIRN | Oscar | |
|
|
Domaradz | Salaman | P |
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by Benedykt Gajewski (1997)
Printed with the initiative of the City Administration in Domaradz
Before the Red Army entered the village of Domaradz, the Germans started the extermination of the Jewish population. At that time 33 families lived there comprised of approximately 90 people. Two months before the killing started, the Nazis gathered every Jew from the neighboring villages and ghettos including the town of Jasienice Rosielne where most of the Jews lived.
The Germans decided to kill the Jews in the cemetery. They prepared a list of all the Jews and instructed them to surrender in town at 9:00 in the morning. They were permitted to bring one hand bag and nothing else. The people living in the ghetto lived in deplorable conditions. Some tried to escape to nearby villages to find food. And, there was an effort at resistance by the Jews. This outraged the Nazis and if they found a Jew in hiding, they shot him on the spot.
September 11, 1942 was a Tuesday. At 8:00 in the morning, the ghetto in Jasienice was surrounded by the Gestapo which came from Krosno. They ordered the Jews to take their money and jewelry with them. The Jews knew that the end was near. They had received information that a day before, all the Jews in the nearby town of Brzozuw had been shot. Some tried to hide their valuables in the ground where they stood. Some people, in the presence of their tormentors, tried to destroy whatever they could so the enemy would have no use of it.
Then the selection started. The young people able to work were sent to the nearest train station in Iwonicz. Later they were sent to Krakau to the camp Podgurze. Older people and children were pushed toward big trucks. Some of the Jews were taken to the Jewish cemetery and ordered to dig trenches that were 15 meters long and 5 meters wide. A board was placed across the opening and as they walked across, they were shot. It was a beautiful, quiet day in the afternoon in Domaradz. The Gestapo forced the hostages to hurry by beating them with rifle butts. Some tried to resist, but the Gestapo created an atmosphere of fear by shooting several people. Abraham Freifeld and his wife, Mr. Weissman, Mr. Rubin and a woman whose name is not known were forced to strip off their clothes and were shot on the spot. The remaining Jews were forced to strip off their clothes prior to their execution. Older people were shot with pistols. Children were killed by grabbing by their legs striking them against tree trunks. All the possessions of the victims were put into baskets and confiscated by the Gestapo. Those who did not die from pistol shots were shot in the back of the skull with a revolver to make certain they were dead. This carnage lasted until 3:00 in the afternoon. After that, the Gestapo took a recess from their labors. Some witnesses heard singing and carrying on in the cemetery by the Gestapo. They starting drinking once they finished their job. In the meantime, the rest of the Jews awaited the inevitable. This was their gruesome fate.
The entire action was finished by 7:00 P.M. One could see traces of silent bodies, some cooking pots, some articles of clothing and toys. It is estimated that over 1,000 Jews were murdered, not including people from Domaradz, Woli Jasienice, Galcowej, Gwoznicy, Wesolej, Bliznego and Orzechowki. The bodies were covered with lime. A few days later, the bodies were covered with a thin layer of soil. If there had not been eye-witnesses, no one would know about the horrible massacre that took place that day and how many innocent people lost their lives. Time erases many facts. Some of what happened was forgotten. However, the horror of that infamous day will forever live in the hearts of mankind.
David Zwirn: Among those killed were my grandfather, uncles, aunts and cousins, a total of approximately 30. They were: Zwirn, Abraham from Plosina Domaradz (family of 4); Zwirn, Israel Hershko from Plosina Domaradz (1); Zwirn, Herszko from Plosina Domaradz (1); Zwirn, Leib, wife and children (4); Pasner, Chaim, lived in center of the village (5); Pasner, Chaim, lived in center of the village (1); Pasner, Mehr Szymon, horse dealer living in center of village (4) Pasner, Lajb, wife and children, lived in center of village (5) Pasner, Mojzesz from Gurka (1). Note: The only survivor of my family was Mehr Froim who survived the selection and was sent to a labor camp.
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The spa center Iwonicz-Zdroj is located south of Krosno and north of Dukla
The spa center of Iwonicz-Zdroj, better known as Iwonicz
is located in the Krosno province. It is situated 16
kilometers south of the city of Krosno and 80 kilometers
south of Rzeszow, Poland. The place is located about 400
meters above sea level and surrounded by hills covered with
trees. Already in 1578 it was known as a health spa. Iwonicz
contained a variety of mineral waters and mud baths that
helped people. The place developed and became a leading
health spa center in Galicia. In the summer, and to a certain extent in the
winter, many well-to-do people spent their vacations in
Iwonicz. Some people even built summer homes in the area.
The photo to the left is the summer and winter resort home
of the Akselrad family in Iwonicz-Zdroj.
The number of health establishments kept growing. Iwonicz had a small population of about 2,000 people during the year but this number greatly increased during the summer or winter vacation seasons.
In 1785 we find 18 Jews in Iwonicz and by 1921 there are 61 Jews in the hamlet. The Jews in Iwonicz were under the supervision of the Jewish community of nearby Dukla. There was a small Jewish community in Iwonicz that grew with time. According to Batia Akselrad, her father helped built the synagogue in Iwonicz where rabbis like Shmuel Fuhrer or Moshe Twerski prayed when on vacation in Iwonicz. Many hotels provided religious services within their premises for the orthodox Jews. With time, Jewish shops like butcher shops, bakeries, fish stores and restaurants opened to provide the needs of the Jewish population especially during the tourist easons.
Many Krosno Jews spent their vacations in nearby Iwonicz, notably rabbi Moshe Twerski and the Akselrad family. The photo on the right is Bended Akselrad, head of the Krosno Jewish community, drinking the mineral water at the Iwonicz spa.
The wonderful photos below were taken from Dr.
Bialywlos-White's book entitled “Mensch”. The photo below
left is (from left) Bendet Akselrad, head of the Jewish
community in Krosno; Rabbi Moshe Twerski, Hassidic rabbi of
Krosno; and a close follower of the rabbi strolling in the
spa center of Iwonicz.
Iwonicz also had Jewish families that lived permanently in the hamlet, amongst them the Glazier and the Lusthaus families. Edmund Lusthaus was a physician and his wife Helena studied pharmacology prior to the war. They were assimilated Jews who spoke only Polish. The Lusthaus family survived the war; Edmund was drafted into the Polish army and taken prisoner by the Russians in 1939, where he later joined the Polish Army that left Russia and fought with the Allies. Helena Lusthaus and her daughter, Elizabeth, managed to reach Tarnow where they had family. Mrs. Lusthaus worked as a pharmacist for the Germans and managed to obtain “Aryan” papers for herself and her daughter that saved them. They were eventually liberated by the Russian army and left Poland. The entire family met in Italy where Edmund was stationed with the Polish Army.
Here is what Dora Beinfish-Cohn, a resident of Krosno and Iwonicz , had to say about Iwonicz-Zdroj. “We lived in Krosno in a large house. My father was an engineer. The family acquired a big parcel of land from the ‘Chrabia,’ or Count Zatuski who owned a good part of Iwonicz but was always short of cash. The family decided to built a 44-room hotel named the ‘Bristol’ and 2 apartment buildings with stores on the ground floor. The entire project was finished in 1939 just before the beginning of the war. The family moved to Iwonicz.”
On entering Iwonicz the Germans converted the hotel to a military hospital. They soon ordered all the Jews to leave the spa center and proceed to the Ghetto of Rymanow. Dora Fishbein-Cohn survived the war due to the extensive support she received from the Zatuski family at the beginning of the German occupation. Later she was assisted and protected by Mrs. Dunajewski and the Kazarski family in the village of Wola Komborska.
Another small Jewish community was devastated without
leaving a trace of Jewish existence in Europe.
Bill Leibner, Jersalem March 2014
Sources:
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The hamlet of Jedlicze, pronounced Yedlitche or Yedlitz in Yiddish is located between Krosno and Jaslo, then Galicia, now Poland. Near the hamlet was situated the estate of Jedlicze. Historically speaking very little is known about the hamlet or about its Jewish inhabitants. The fact remained that there was no organized kehilla until the beginning of the 20th century. Up to then, the Jews of Jedlicze belonged to the kehilla of Jaslo and later Krosno. The area underwent an economic awakening with the opening of a railway station at the end of the 19th century. The new economic opportunities attracted Jews who were primarily engaged in commerce and trades. The non-Jewish population consisted of farmers, estate and railway workers.
The influx of Jews provoked anti-Jewish pogroms in 1898 that were suppressed by the army. The Jews organized a small kehilla that invited a schochet (ritual slaughterer), Mr. Epstein and later a rabbi, Menahem Nachum Waksberg. Rabbi Waksberg left for Krakow and was replaced by Rabbi Itzhak Weisbrot. The kehilla built a mikva, a small synagogue, organized and maintained a cheder for boys and a beit Yaakow for girls; there was a also gmilat hessed (charity) fund for the poor. There was no Jewish cemetery, the dead were buried in Krosno. The Jewish community was overwhelmingly orthodox. The community suffered greatly following Polish independence. A pogrom destroyed many Jewish homes and stores.
After the pogrom, the Jewish community slowly started to rebuild itself with the assistance of various help organizations. Zionism appeared in the hamlet and some contributions were even made to Zionist funds. With the beginning of WWII, the Germans air force attacked the railway station and the oil refinery of Jedlicze. The SS made its appearance in the middle of September 1939 and searched all Jewish homes under the pretext that weapons were hidden. The search was carried out brutally and most valuables items disappeared. All holy books and written materials were assembled and burned in the main street of Jedlicze.
Starting January 1940, all Jews were forced to wear white armbands with a blue star of Dawid .Then all fur items were confiscated. Jews were of course always grabbed for various work details. The Jewish population increased from about 150 in 1939 to 500 people in 1941 since all the Jews in the area were forced to move to Jedlicze. The hamlet also received Jews from Krakow, Tarnow, Gorlice and Jaslo. The Jewish population was pauperized and appealed to the J.S.S. (Jewish Self Assistance) in Krakow for help. As many as 200 Jews were assisted by this organization. Then, on July 14th, 1942, the brutal Ukrainian police drove all the Jews to Krosno where they were kept at the Wudeta factory for three days without food or water. They then joined the Jewish community of Krosno and shortly after shared the destiny of the Jews of Krosno, namely the death camp of Belzec.
About 20 Jews survived the war, some in Russia and others in hidding or in camps. Most of them came to Israel or the USA. Some of them joined the First Men's Krosno-Yedliczer Benevolent Association in New York.
Sources: Pinkassei Kehilot, Yad Vashem and personal interviews with survivors.
William Leibner 17/11/03
There are wonderful maps of the Area
on the Lemko site. Click
Here to see Jedlicze today (Middle left of map); Then
click on your back arrow to return here.
The following list was posted on the Yad Vashem website. We have created a table of the names contained. As best i can translate it is a list of victims. If anyone can help translate the titles, please do.
Given Name | Surname | ? | ? |
Hersch | Aster | 6 | 6 |
Roza | Bigajer | 5 | 5 |
Mater | Brand | 5 | 5 |
Sender | Feierenier | 5 | 5 |
Hinda | Felber | 6 | 6 |
Eliasz | Feller | 3 | 3 |
Simon | Friess | 4 | 4 |
Gimpel | Friess | 3 | 3 |
Chaim | Friess | 3 | 2 |
Leo | Glicksman | 2 | 3 |
Scheindel | Glicksman | 5 | 5 |
David | Henberger | 2 | 4 |
Abraham | Holger or Holser | 2 | 5 |
Chaim | Lambik | 3 | 3 |
Samuel ? Mendel | Landau | 3 | 3 |
Alter | November | 4 | 4 |
Tauba | Reicher | 5 | 5 |
Beruch | Rienbaum | 2 | 2 |
Herman | Steinlaus | 5 | 5 |
Eidel | Weiss | 4 | 4 |
Hinda | Wolf | 3 | 3 |
Fumen? | Wolf | 2 | 2 |
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