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1795 | 3rd partition of Poland. Kolno becomes part of Prussia. | 6 |
17 Apr 1797 | Surnames required for all Jews in South & New East Prussia. Many families escape name assignment. | 6 |
Jul 1807 | Napoleon defeats Prussia. Peace Treaty of Tilsit establishes Grand Duchy of Warsaw. All Polish territories acquired by Prussia in 1793 & 1795 pass to Russia. | 4, 6 |
1808 | 98 Jews out of a total population of 1100 | 2 |
3 May 1815 | Congress of Vienna creates Kingdom of Poland under Russian control. | 4, 6 |
27 Mar 1821 | Governor of Kingdom of Poland proclaims Jews must assume surnames. | 6 |
1827 | 784 Jews out of a total population of 2083 | 2 |
1843 | Jewish hereditary surnames required in the Kingdom of Poland. | 6 |
1857 | 2084 Jews out of a total population of 3350 | 2 |
1863 | Rabbi Dov Aaron ben Moshe Joseph Breizman born in Kolno. | 5 |
1889 | Rabbi Moshe Joseph Breizman, Rosh Yeshivah, dies. | 5 |
1897 | 2763 Jews out of a total population of 4876 | 2 |
1900 | Jewish illiteracy 0%, non-Jewish approximately 80% | 5 |
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1915 | Kolno occupied by German troops | 4 |
11 Nov 1918 | German Army evacuates Kingdom of Poland territory. | 4 |
14 Nov 1918 | Kingdom of Poland territory given to new Polish Republic from Russia. | 4 |
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1918 | No Jewish professionals in Kolno. Moses Goldberg is the only Jew from Kolno in secondary school. His father Samuel, who is self-taught, is the only licensed advocate in Kolno. | 5 |
After 1918 | Jewish illiteracy 0%, non-Jewish approximately 30% | 5 |
28 Jun 1919 | Treaty of Versailles. | 4 |
1922 | Government secondary school, Kolno Gynasium, opens. | 5 |
mid 1920's | Hashomer Hatzair Zionist youth movement opens branch | 5 |
1921 | 2216 Jews out of a total population of 4494 | 1,2 |
1927 | Polish government closes Kolno Gymnasium - majority of students were Jewish. | 5 |
1928 | Electricity comes to Kolno. Only used for lighting. | 5 |
1932 | Fire destroys town center including both synagogues, Talmud Torah building, & the library. | 5 |
1939 | Approximately 100 Jewish academicians & professionals. | 5 |
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Sep 1939 | Occupied by the USSR. | 4 |
Sun 22 Jun 1941
1:30 PM |
Germans attack USSR. Kolno bombed. German parachutists occupy all strategic points around Kolno. Germans occupy Kolno. | 5 |
15 Jul 1941 | First Action : Germans take all Jewish men 16 & above towards Kolimagi. Mass grave in forest on way to Zabiela. | 5 |
18 Jul 1941 | Second Action : Parents and wives of men in first action taken. Mass grave in Meshchevoya near Stavisk. | 5 |
Late Jul 1941 | Third Action : Jewish women taken to Meshchevoya. Men taken to Kolimagi. Rabbi Kaplan was among them. About 90 Jews remain in Kolno. | 5 |
Early Aug 1941 | Remaining Jewish women taken to Meshchevoya. Men taken to Kolimagi. Kolno is Judenrein. | 5 |
8 May 1945 | World War II ends in Europe. | 4 |
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1960 | Only remnants of Jewish life : ruined cemetery & shell of the House of Prayer. | 5 |