Zaludok

1993 population: 1, 800. A small town in Scucyn region, twenty-two kilometers s east of Scucyn, seven kilometers s from the railway station at Skribovtsy.
The town of Zholudok, on the banks of the river Zoludchanka, got its name from the river. This river was thus named for the many oak trees that flourished on the banks of the river and dropped their fruit there. These acorns are called "Zholod" in Russian. In the days of the Polish Kings, they privately owned the lands of Zholudok; and the town was a provincial capital, a "Starosta" settlement. King Casimir Yagilonchik (Jagiello) built the Cathedral in 1480. The Cathedral was burnt down in 1506 during the Tartar Invasion and was rebuilt in 1529 by King Zigismunt (Sigismunt) I.

In 1535, two Russian nobles fled from Moscow to Poland, from the anger of their Czar, Ivan the Terrible. These were Simon Beilski and Ivan Latzki. Zigismund the Elder, whose patronage they sought, granted them lands. Ivan Latzki received Zholudok. Eventually, the town passed to the ownership of the Mapiah family, and later to the Rodziman-Franzkeievich family.

In 1682, Kazimir and Alexandra Frantskevich established a Catholic church. In February 1706, here was a residence of Swedish King Karl XII in Zheludok. In the eighteenth century, there was a hospital and a school there.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Zholudok passed to the ownership of the Tinzhaus (Tinzhoys) family, one of whom was the archeologist -scientist K. Tezengauz, born in Zheludok in 1786 and buried in the Catholic churchyard . From the Tinzhauses, it passed, at the 1795 Partition of Poland, to the hands of the Russian Oruski family. Its population was then just 650 tax paying souls, of whom 287 households were Jewish. It was a volostj center in Lida povet, Vilna guberniya.

In 1853-1854, a new brick Catholic church called "Ushestie" was built there. In 1897 the population was 1860 people who had a technical college, a Catholic cathedral, three synagogues, two mills, a leather workshop, a beer production factory, more then twenty shops, and ten taverns. The markets took place on Sundays.

In the beginning of the twentieth century, the population was 1,969 when the town belonged to Svyatopolk-Chetvertinski uezd. 1903 the rabbi was Eliahu Moshe Levin who died then Rabbi Shmuel Rabinovitz. Zaludok is the birthplace of Ben Avidor (Abraham Leib Shalkovich (1867-1921). In 1915, Germany occupied it. In 1919-1920, the Polish Army occupied it.
Beginning 1921, Zaludok belonged to Poland as a miasteczko (small town) and gmina wiejska (parish village and center), seat of the council office, in second uchastok, Lida powiat, Novogrudok voevodstvo. The Justice of the Peace was in Lida and the Justice Court in Wilno. The 1928 population was 552. The railroad was eleven kilometers away in Skrzybowce. The Justice of the Peace was in Lida and the Justice Court in Wilno with the railway in 11 kilometers away in Skrzybowce. The post office, telephone, and telegraph were in Zholodek as were one Catholic church, a hospital, distilleries, tanneries and mills.

In September 1939, the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic took control. Beginning January 15 1940, it was designated as a small town and a district center. During the World War II, it was occupied by German troops and destroyed. The Red Army liberated Zaludok on July 12, 1944.

Since April 17 1962, Zaludok belonged to Schutchin district. In 1971, with a population of 2100, Zaludok had a bakery, a shoe factory called "Neman", a post office, a secondary school, a kindergarten, a medical profession training college, a cinema, a House of Culture, and a hospital. One kilometers to the west is an architectural monument, a residenial palace, dating back to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Zheludok is the motherland of Vrublevski who took part in the Uprising of 1863-64. There is a grave of partisans who were killed during World War II. An archeological monument of the "Selische" settlement may be found on the bank of the river Zhaludyanka.

Of particular Jewish interest: About 280 Jewish families lived in Zaludok beginning in the first half of the nineteenth century. By 1800, the Jewish population was 1,370 out of 1,900 inhabitants. The town contained a synagogue, a prayer house, a cheder and Talmud Torah. Rabbis of the town included Rabbi Chaim Rutenberg-Mischkovsky Zadik who officiated from 1865 to 1880. He was the presiding judge. Gaon rabbi Eliahu Moshe Levin (who edited "Yad Eliahu: Question and Answers in Halacha") succeeded. In 1903, Rabbi Shmuel Rabinovitz became Rabbi. He left to become the Rabbi of Moscow. From
1913 to 1933, Rabbi Zvi Arieh Lurie was Zaludok's rabbi. His son-in-law, Rabbi Elkhanon Sorotzkin (ben Rabbi Zalman Sorotzkin) was the last rabbi of Zaludok. The Soviets imprisoned him and exiled him to Siberia. He emigrated to Israel following WWII.

In 1920 a Hebrew School opened in Zaludok that became part of the Tarbut system in 1930. The school's Zionist curriculum included Hebrew and Judaism as subjects. A Yiddish Central Jewish School Organization (Z.I.S.O) also organized about 1930. The Jewish community maintained these schools because the Polish government did not support separate religious schools for Jews.   The Soviets abolished these schools in 1939. Following WWI, Hehalutz  and Hehalutz Hazair was active in Zaludok beginning in 1922 and 1925 respectively. Haliga Lemaan Eretz Israel Haovedet collected for Keren Kayement and Keren Hayessod.

Commercially, the Zaludok residents were merchants, shop-keepers, and craftsman. Their grain trade, purchased from local peasants, was shipped to Germany. Becoming part of the National Railway Network in 1930, Zaludok shipped grain by train. The unstable economy in Zaludok resulted from repeated border changes. Rabbi Shmuel Levin directed the Jewish People's Bank.  Ben Avigdor [Abraham Leib Shelkovitz], a writer, and Pinchas Kremien were from Zaludok. Kremien was a painter of the Paris School of Art and member of  the Academy of Arts in France.

In 1939, the Jewish population total about 2,200 or 90% of the population. The German army occupied Zaludok on 27 June 1941. They set fire to the town, destroying almost every Jewish home. The Jews wore yellow stars and paid ransoms. In July 1941, twenty-two young Jewish males were killed for not wearing the start. On 1 November, 1941, the Jews of Zaludok were rounded up from the Ghetto of Orlowa Street, the only street surviving the fire of June. About 300 Jews from nearby Orlova, where Jews had lived since the beginning of the eighteenth century, also were taken to Orlowa Street. In the winter of
1941/42, Polish policemen helped the Germans murder Jews of both towns. One day it was thirty-two Jews from Orlova. On another day, twenty-eight Jews of Zaludek were killed. About 1 May 1942, 140 young Jews were sent to the labor camp Skribowo and later to the Lida Ghetto. A few managed to escape and join Russian partisan groups including that of Tuviah Bielski. Shlomo Shifmanowitz of Zaludok specifically is mentioned in Soviet dispatches. About thirty of these men survived including Baruch Levin, nominated as "Hero of the Soviet Union" before his emigration to Israel. Finally, on the morning of 8 May 1942, German soldiers and Ukrainian and Police policemen surrounded the ghetto, driving the Jews from their homes to the market place for a "selection" by two SS officers: Leopold Windisch and Rudolf Werner. (These two were sentenced to life imprisonment following the war.) Eighty-one craftsmen were selected and sent to the synagogue, then transferred to the
Szczuczyn Ghetto. The remaining people, more than 1,500, were killed and buried in a mass grave. Polish policemen caught and killed those in hiding. The remaining craftsmen from the selection went from the Szczuczyn Ghetto in September 1943 to an extermination camp.
 

*Buci?y/Buti?y/Buci?e at ?53º35 25º06 (village of Zaludok)

Bucily (Polish spelling)
In 1928, Bucily was designated as a wies (village) in the Second Uchastok, Lida powiat, Nowogrodskie voevodstvo of Poland. The Justice of the Peace was in Szczuczyn and the Justice Court in Wilno. The 1928 population was 591. The railway station was 12 kilometers away in Skrzybowce. The post office, telephone, and telegraph were in Zaludok.

Grodno Archives:
Fond 79: Synagogue in Zheludok, Lida yezd, Vilna gub. 11 chronicles 1897-1899,
Inventory 1,
1. Metrical book of marriage in Zheludok Synagogue, 1897, #38
2. " " marriage " 1898 #40
3. " " marriage " " 1899 #40
4. " " marriage " " 1900 $30
5. " " divorce " " 1897 #28
6. divorce 1898 #20
7. divorce 1899 #20
8. divorce 1900 #20
9. deaths 1897 #40
10. deaths 1898 #70
11. deaths 1899 #40
Address: Grodno Region Department, Director: Miss Karina Botrakova, National Belorussian Historical Archives of Grodno
and
National Belorussian Historical Archives, Grodno Region Department,
Director: Miss Karina Brotrakova
Teizengauz Ploschad 2, Grodno 230001 Belarus

Do you need to convert old Russian units?

Sources:
Ksiega Adresowa Handlowa, Warszawa Bydgoszcz 1929, 1926
1923/Glowny Urzad Statystyczny Rzechzypospolitej polskiej
Sachenka B. I [editor], Encyclopedia of the History of Belarus. Volume 3, Minsk: 1996, p. 363;

Other possible research sources:
Kagan Sefer Haprenumerantn 3297;
1903 rabbi was Eliahu Moshe Levin who died then Rabbi Shmuel Rabinovitz;
birthplace of Ben Avidor (Abraham Leib Shalkovich (1867-1921);
EVREISKAYA ENCY.: VII: 537 [7 lines].
Yad Vashem: 0.3 7431 94058, Russian, 11 May 1994, GLEMBOTZKY, Vladimir, born in OSTRYNA in 1926: Testimony from 1939-1941, Jews of OSTRYNA under Soviet rule; changes in the condition of the Jews, imprisonments, expulsion to work camps in Russia, liquidation of businesses, different cooperatives of experts; refugees from Poland in OSTRYNA and Grodno and their expulsion to Russia; June, 1941, bombing of Grodno; founding of local police; relations between Poles and Jews; end of July 1941, founding of the OSTRYNA ghetto; March 1942, the passage of NOWY DVOR Jews to Ostryna; relations between Jew of SHUCHIN, ASIHSHOUK and DJOLODOK [note: Szczuczyn, Eisiskes, and Zaludok] in the beginning of 1942; murder of 7 Jews in the Ostryna ghetto; Orthodox Jews contributions; end of October 1942, expulsion of Ostryna Jews to transit camp Kielbsin; conditions of life, mass murders, hunger and epidemics, dwellings in underground structures that were next to populations of Soviet prisoners; passage of Ostryna, Nowy Dvor Jews to train station in Lusosna and from there to Auschwitz and the selection there; the passage to Monowice, tattooing
Yad Vashem: TR.10-646 68650, German, 15 Dec 1966, written accusation against Leopold Windich and Rudof Werner in the synagogue in Mainz; description of pursuit of Jews in the LIDA area; establishment of ghettos in the cities and expulsion of the Jews from the towns into the ghettos; description of 3 ghettos in LIDA city and the projects in them in which Jews worked; review of the Judenrat; forced labor; description of "Actions" in SZCZUCZN, ZOLUDEK, WASILISHKI at beginning of 1942; murder of 300 Jews in VORONOVO in Nov 1941; description of murder of Jews in the LIDA area in the fall of 1941 and winter of 1941-42; murder of 86 prisoners in LIDA city in the winter of 1942; "actions" in 1942 in the LIDA region; in LIDA city August 1942; in ZALOUDEK 5 Jan 1942; in WASILISZKI 10 May 1942; in WORONOW 19 May 1942; in IWJE 12 May 1942; notes on the number of Jews that were murdered by him. The files also accuses the occupied governments of LIDA city and their leaders Dienst, Stellen of Himmler in the occupied eastern territories.

Grodno Archives:
Fond #160 Zelodkovskaya Synagogue in Lidksi uezd. #79, 11 chr. 1897-1900
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--6 Metrical Book of divorce in Zheloudek Synagogue 1898
20 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--7 Metrical Book of divorce in Zheloudek Synagogue 1899
20 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--8 Metrical Book of divorce in Zheloudek Synagogue 1900
20 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--5 Metrical Book of divorce in Zheloudek Synagogue 1897
28 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--4 Metrical Book of Marriage in Zheloudek Synagogue 1900
30 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--1 Metrical Book of marriage in Zheloudek Synagogue 1897
38 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--2 Metrical Book of marriage in Zheloudek Synagogue 1898
40 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--3 Metrical Book of marriage in Zheloudek Synagogue 1899
40 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--9 Metrical Book of death in Zheloudek Synagogue 1897
40 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--11 Metrical Book of death in Zheloudek Synagogue 1899
40 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.
79 Fond 11 chronicles 1897-1899 Vilna Guberniya
Inv#1--10 Metrical Book of death in Zheloudek Synagogue 1898
70 Zaludok Lida yezd, Vilna Gub.

Address: Grodno Region Department, Director: Miss Karina Botrakova, National Belorussian Historical Archives of Grodno
and
National Belorussian Historical Archives, Grodno Region Department,
Director: Miss Karina Brotrakova
Teizengauz Ploschad 2, Grodno 230001 Belarus
 

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