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Esen'
was part of the Kingdom of Hungary (11th century - 1920 and 1938-1944) with the name of Eszeny
in Szabolcs megye (county), next part of Czechoslovakia (1920-1938) with the name of Eseň
in Podkarpatská Rus (Sub-Carpathia), then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1945-1991) with the name of Eseny
and, since 1991, known as Esen', in the Uzhhorodskyi rayon (district) of Zakarpats'ka oblast (county) of Ukraine.
Other spellings/names for Esen' are Yavorovo.
Esen' is located about 37 miles S of Uzhhorod (Ungvár) and 27 miles W of Mukacheve (Munkács).
Jews probably settled in Esen' in the mid-19th century.
By 1880, the Jewish population was 111 (of a total population of 1,492).
In 1921, during the Czechoslovakian period, the Jewish population continued to grow.
By 1941, the Jewish population reached its peak.
Among the Jewish breadwinners were families that earned their livelihoods from commerce and farming.
With the Hungarian occupation of Esen' in March, 1939, Jews were persecuted and pushed out of their occupations. In 1941, Jews from Esen' were drafted into forced labor battalions and others were drafted for service on the Eastern front, where most died.
In August, 1941, a number of Jewish families without Hungarian citizenship were expelled to Nazi occupied Ukrainian territory, to Kamenets-Podolski, and murdered there.
The remaining Jews of Esen' were deported to Auschwitz mid-May 1944.
A great many of the Jews from Esen' were murdered in Auschwitz and a few survivors returned, but eventually settled elsewhere.
In 2001, Esen' had about 1,677 inhabitants and no Jews live there today.
Sources (portions): The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust, (2001)
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M. Y. EHRENREICH, USA
Nikoli KATZ, USA
Ferenc KOLESZAR, Hungary Lo Tishkach Foundation
Nevek-Klarsfeld
Ari TESSLER, Belgium
The Center of Jewish Education in Ukraine
Amos Israel ZEZMER, France
and the following:
JewishGen members/descendants and
contributors of Esen' Jewish families:
Dr. Tamás GOLDBERGER, Hungary
Ari TESSLER, Belgium
Erica WIESEL, Israel
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