History Of Kehila Bendery.

Short Introduction
Before you embark on your journey, exploring the history links, I would like to offer you a quick perspective of Bendery History
Bender started as a citadel on the commercially important port of the river Dniestre, Genoese merchants settled there and later Jewish merchants.
In early 1500's it was conquered by the Turks, who renamed the then Tighina into Bender, meaning 'port'
In 1806 it was conquered by the Russians and remained Russian until 1918 together with the rest of Bessarabia.
Between 1918 and 1927 (1944 for other areas) it was mostly part of Romania. Then it fell under the influence of Soviet Russia USSR and was part of the Moldovan SSR
In 1991 it became part of the internationally reconised borders of the Moldovan Republic.

Image Above: Czar Nicolas II visits Bendery arriving at the Auditorium, the cultural focal centre of the town, where it is said Jewish people loved to walk up and down the street.
Above Right: Tomb Of Lieutenant Colonel Belov (other similar Tombs are purposefully unmarked)

Secret History Of Jewish Bendery
In the Jewish cemetry of Bendery there is an old tomb of Lieutenant Colonel Belov Nikolay, on it is a big star of David.
We know that Jews were not allowed to hold army positions above Captain, it is clear therefore that L.Colonel Belov was a baptized Jew with a christian sounding name, his burial however indicates that although legally presumably a Christian in person he remained faithfull to his religion and Israel.
The powerless and vulnerable Jewish community desperately needed support from authority figures, L.Colonel Belov apparently was one of them, his actions and Jewish identity had to remain secret, so we will find nothing about him in recorded Jewish histories, additionally, the rabbinical establishment, would not want to seem that convertion is a way to become a Jewish hero, and helped surpress the knowledge and memory of these heroes, the families of which often helped the Jewish community even generations later.

We do not know if these 'fake' conversions of able Jews were orchestrated/encouraged by the community, but what we do know is that there were enough of them to elicity a law in 1912 prohibiting converted jews and the grandchildren of Jews from rising in rank and serving as military officers.
This situation continued until the Russian Revolution, which allowed Jews As Officers but shortly afterwards banned Judaism & all religions.


Links
    YIZKOR BOOK -Translation of Kehilat Bendery; Sefer Zikaron
    YIZKOR BOOK - Pinkas Romania includes town of Tighina (bendery)
    http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/moldova.html
    http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Bessarabia
    http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/clark/mobile.html
    http://www.thefullwiki.org/Bessarabian_Jews
    Official Website Of The Moldovan State
    Report on U.S. and Jewish Presence Abroad
A very interesting link thankfully provided by the Bendery Yizkor book Coordinator David And Gloria Green - A University OF Washington Electronic Library Document
    Memoirs Of The Russian Governor Of Bessarabia Following the pogroms a humanist and fair governor was sent to calm things down,a priceless insight into Russian governance and the People Instigating The Pogroms, A Travel In Time With Glimses of Bendery.
    The Jewish Community Of Bender - In Russian, An Excellent Resource
    Same author as above with a few small differences - In Russian
    A Youtube Video On Jewish Bendery
    Pictures Of Bendery Landmarks - In Russian
    The Bendery Auditorium