BUDKA NA SHOSSE: R., Booth or Kiosk on a good quality (usually tarred or paved) road that might be used to house guards, custom duty officers, or produce sellers.

DEREVNYA (R., Hamlet) was a dwelling place so small that usually no church or chapel existed.

DOBRA (P.) estate

FOLWARK: (P.) large manorial farmstead. see KHUTOR - abbreviated fol.

HRABSTWO: (P.) county, see VOLOST

GMINA: (P., see GOROD) rural administrative district, roughly equal to a township - abbreviated gm.

GOSYDARSTVO (R. State, P. KROLESTWO-"royal kingdom"): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

GOROD was an urban municipality and territorial administrative center of an area in which people engaged in manufacturing, and financial and administrative services. They were consumers, but not producers, of agricultural items. Russian differentiates a small gorod (MALEN'KII GOROD) from a large gorod (BOL'SHOY GOROD). Thus, gorod stand both for the word "city" and the word "town" while Polish uses MIASTECZKO.

GUBERNIYA (R., Province; also OBLAST in Russian, WOJEWODZTWO in Polish): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

KOLONIA: P. colony

KHUTOR (R., farmstead) was a place at some distance from a nearby selo (village) or derevnya (hamlet), occupied by one agricultural family plus all their servants.

IMENIE (Estate or large manorial farmstead, FOLWARK in Polish) The landowner (Lord of the Manor) lived here with all his servants. An imenyie existed for farming and cattle-breeding on the land surrounding the imenyie,with no farming on the Imenie per se. Thus, imenyie population typically was 3-5 times greater than a khutor. The imenyie description ceased in Russia after the 1917 Revolution. In Polish, zascianek means settlement of minor nobility.

MALEN'KII GOROD: see GOROD

MESTECHKO. Settlement of the type as "Posyolok" or  "Sloboda" located in Southern and Western part of old
 Russia (Ukraine, Belorussia, Eastern Poland) Additionally,  "mestechko" may have a connotation that the majority of its
 inhabitants were Jews.

MIASTECZKO (small town in Polish): see GOROD - abbreviated mko.

MIASTO (P.) city - abbreviated mto.

OBLAST  (R. Province, R. see GUBERNIYA, WOJEWODZTWO in Polish): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

OBWODNICA (P.) district, abbreviated obw.

OKRAG: (P.) district, a politcal administrative subdivison -abbreviated okr.

OKRAINA': in Russian means "outskirts". see POSAD

OSADA: P. Settlement; see POSAD - abbreviated os.

OSADA LESNICHWA (P.) forestry settlement - abbreviated os. lesn.

POSAD (settlement, OSADA in Polish) [see also "Okraina' and "Zastava" below] a small provincial town.

POSYOLOK (R. "Suburb") was a settlement the size of a village, usually very close to a nearby town or city. Posyolok's inhabitants usually worked at factories in thr nearby town or city or in the posyolok itself, but had individual plots of land on which to produce food staples (potatoes, vegetables, fruits) for personal consumption.

POWIAT:  (district, uyezd/uezd in Russian): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD and OKRAG. a Polish administrative division equal to a German Kreis - abbreviated pow.

RAYON (distict, see POWIAT and UYEZD): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

"SELO" (Village-Weis in Polish) was a large hamlet with a church and usually a weekly or monthly fair at which farmers from nearby "derevnyas" and selo merchants exchanged their products, goods, and services.

"SLOBODA" originated from Russian word "svoboda" (freedom in English)  because people were freed from paying taxes and other duties,  at least temporarily. Sometimes "slobodka" means "a little sloboda".
Sloboda: has three main meanings:

 a) From 11th-17th century: a settlement located on government-owned  land or private land whose inhabitants had something in common  [(engaged in commerce (torgovaia) sloboda, rifleman (streletskaia) sloboda,  monks <monastyrskaia> sloboda)] and who temporarily were relieved of paying  taxes and other duty assessments in exchange for colonizing this piece of
 land.
 b) A large "selo" (village) usually with more than one church and where  large fairs were organized, a type of "nearby villages and hamlets center".
 c) A village (selo) where inhabitants engaged in manufactural, industrial  work and, sometimes, agricultural goods production only for their own consumption

 1) same as "station' in English and, probably, came into Russian language  either from English or Latin, and can be a railroad station  (zheleznodorozhnaia stantsia), a bus station (avtobusnaia stantsia),  station to change horses (pochtovo-podorozhnaia stantsia) <archaic>, etc.
 2) Settlement, where the people working at this station (stantsia) lived,  may also be called stantsia.

STOLICA: P., capital city

UCHASTOK: Polish for Township

UYEZD/UEZD:  (District or County, powiat in Polish ): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

UROCHISHCHE has two meanings in Russian:
a) Geographically, urochische was a place different from its surrounding, such as a ravine among hills, a clearing inside forest, a swamp surrounded by forest or hills, etc.
b) A human settlement located in such a "urochishche" was the number of people in such a settlement that was usually smaller than a hamlet ("derevnya").

WIES: (P. village, see SELO) - abbreviated ws.

WOJEWODZTWO/Voevodstvo/Voivodie in Polish. Province: oblast or guberniya in Russian): see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

VOLOST: (District or County, HRABSTWO in Polish): A volost was the smallest administrative-territorial division in Tsarist Russia. see ZASHTATNYI GOROD

ZASCIANEK: P. settlement of minor nobility.

"ZASTERNOK" or "ZASTYENOK"[Russian] and SCIANA [Polish] (b-Small Hamlet)
In contemporary Russian, "zastenok" or "zastyenok" has two meanings depending on its role in the whole sentence or phrase:
a) small prison or prison chamber for torture of prisoners or those detained on suspicion of committing a crime
b) The word ("zastenok" or "zastyenok") is combined from two Russian words "za + stenoy" meaning "behind the wall". Thus, if the owner of a house with several rooms rented one (usually smaller) room to a lodger, one may say that the lodger lives in the "zastyenok". The word "zastenok" or "zastyenok" in the sense of "an inhabited locality" was used only prior to 1917 Russian Revolution and only in territories under Polish governance (Belarus and part of Ukraine). The size of "zastenok" or "zastyenok" (in that sense) fluctuates from number of people on the "khutor" to the number of people in the hamlet. The origin for the word "zastyenok" is Polish word "sciana".

ZASHTATNYI GOROD (archaic-)  Usually a "gorod" served as an administrative or territorial center of an area, either a state (gosydarstvo), a province (gubernia or oblast'), a county (uyezd or volost') or rayon(township). A city or a town that was not such a center but existed as a town with all above characteristics for an urban settlement [see GOROD] was called zashtatnyi gorod.