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Chynadiyovo, Ukraine

Чинадiэво, Украïна

Bereg-Szentmiklós (HU), Činad'ovo (CZ), Chinadiyevo (RU), Chinadiev (Yiddish)

Lat: 48° 29', Long: 22° 50'


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Contents
Chynadiyovo Homepage
History
Town Life
Jewish Life
Education
The Holocaust
Data
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Compiled by Adam Smith

Updated: July, 2009

Copyright © 2009 Adam Smith

Webpage Design by Gregory B. Meyer

History

The first Jews likely settled in Chynadiyovo after 1711, when the anti-Hapsburg uprising led by Francis II Rákóczi, had been defeated and order had been restored to the region. As a result of the failed uprising, the Hapsburg rulers confiscated the Rakoczi family’s estates and granted them to Lothar Franz Schonborn, archbishop of Mainz, Germany, whose family ruled this vast feudal estate until the Czech era. One of the first decisions the Schonborns took over the Munkacs-Szent­miklos estate in 1729 included a claim to the toleration taxes (protection fees) imposed on Jews. The protection tax entitled those who paid to receive certain privileges under private law. Jews came to the estate and paid conces­sions to deal in liquor (as innkeepers), sale of meat, sale of distilled spirits, grinding of cereals and collection of tolls. The exact number of Jews in Chynadiyovo in 1725 is not known, but as a reference point there were just four Jewish families living in nearby city of Mukachevo. Data from the early censii further demonstrate that in 1735 there were 53 Jewish families numbering a total 235 Jews in all of Bereg county. Interestingly, it indicates that 44 of the 53 heads of households were born in Poland. The Schonborns brought many new economic opportunities to the vast estate, which consisted of 65% of the entire Bereg county. Jews migrated from Galicia southwards across the Carpathian Mountains and settled the many villages along the Latorytsa River. The Jewish population was dispersed as single families living in various villages. There is no trace of Jewish communal life. With the migration, the Jewish population of Bereg County grew to 2170 by 1785. Larger scale immigration into the region began after the partition of Poland in 1772, when Galicia, a province with high Jewish population came under Hapsburg rule. By 1877 there were 130 Jews living among a total of a total population of 864. Rusyns comprised the majority of the population, with a sizable Jewish minority and even smaller Hungarian minority. Relations among Jews and non-Jews were good in the village.

By 1910 the Jewish population had grown to 295 individuals, and by 1941 had grown to 340 Jews out of a total population of 2850. In the Spring of 1944 the Jews of Chynadiyovo were rounded up and confined to the ghetto in Mukachevo. From there they were ultimately transported by train to Auschwitz for extermination. The few people that survived made their way to the United States and Israel while even fewer chose to stay in Ukraine.

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